9、Django实战第9天：用户注册功能

今天完成的是用户注册功能...

首先把注册页面的前端文件register.html复制到templates目录下

编辑users.views.py,创建一个注册的类

class RegisterView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, 'register.html', {})

配置注册页面的url

...
from users.views import LoginView, RegisterView

urlpatterns = [
    #url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
    url(r'^$', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html'), name='index'),
    url(r'^login/$', LoginView.as_view(), name='login'),
    url(r'register/$', RegisterView.as_view(), name='register'),
]

【新知识点--静态文件】替换注册页面的静态文件路径，这里我们不用之前的替换方法，而是使用Django提供的

【新知识点-url】修改首页index.html ‘注册’和‘登录’的超链接

【验证码】用户注册我们需要用到一个功能就是验证码

要使用验证码，就需要安装一个验证码开发库，这里我们使用django-simple-captcha

workon mxonline
pip install django-simple-captcha

编辑settings.py添加captcha到INSTALLED_APPS

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'users',
    'courses',
    'organization',
    'operation',
    'xadmin',
    'crispy_forms',
    'captcha',
]

配置一条url

from django.conf.urls import url, include
...

urlpatterns = [
    #url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
    url(r'^$', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html'), name='index'),
    url(r'^login/$', LoginView.as_view(), name='login'),
    url(r'register/$', RegisterView.as_view(), name='register'),
    url(r'^captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),
]

同步数据表

manage.py@mxonline > makemigrations
manage.py@mxonline > migrate

编辑users.forms.py配置表单验证

from captcha.fields import CaptchaField

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
    password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
    captcha = CaptchaField()

编辑users.views.py

...
from .forms import LoginForm, RegisterForm

class RegisterView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        register_form = RegisterForm()
        return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form})

修改register.html

启动服务，看看注册页面

查看数据库，可以发现验证码表已经生成了记录

继续写注册逻辑，当用户提交注册，对验证码进行验证。这里打个断点调试，故意输错验证码

可以看到错误信息"认证码错误"， 我们也可以改成自己想要的信息(改成 验证码错误)，编辑users.forms.py

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
    password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
    captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={'invalid': '验证码错误'})

再次断点调试，已经变成我们自定义的信息了

继续注册流程编码

from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password

class RegisterView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        register_form = RegisterForm()
        return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form})

    def post(self, request):
        register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
        if register_form.is_valid():
            user_name = request.POST.get('email', '')
            pass_word = request.POST.get('password', '')
            user_profile = UserProfile()   #实例化数据比哦啊
            user_profile.username = user_name
            user_profile.email = user_name
            user_profile.password = make_password(pass_word)  #对明文密码进行加密处理
            user_profile.save()   #保存到数据表
        else:
            return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form})

[邮箱激活]我们使用邮箱注册，就涉及到发送邮件激活

发送邮件需要发送者，我们需要再settings.py中配置（末尾添加如下代码）

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.sina.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxxx@sina.com'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'xxxxx'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = False
EMAIL_FROM = xxxx@sina.com'　

因此需要写一个邮件基础函数

在apps目录下新建一个Python Package命名为utils，把它专门用来存放一些基础函数

在utils下新建email_send.py

from random import Random
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from users.models import EmailVerifyRecord
from mxonline.settings import EMAIL_FROM

def random_str(randomlength=8):
    """生成随机字符"""
    str = ''
    chars = 'AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789'
    length = len(chars) - 1
    random = Random()
    for i in range(randomlength):
        str += chars[random.randint(0, length)]
    return str

def sendEmail(email, send_type='register'):
    email_record = EmailVerifyRecord()
    code = random_str(16)
    email_record.code = code
    email_record.email = email
    email_record.send_type = send_type
    email_record.save()

    if send_type == 'register':
        email_title = '慕学在线网激活链接'
        email_body = '请点击下面的链接激活你的账号：http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}'.format(code)

        send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
        if send_status:
            pass

编辑注册后台逻辑，发送邮件

...
from utils.email_send import sendEmail

class RegisterView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        register_form = RegisterForm()
        return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form})

    def post(self, request):
        register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
        if register_form.is_valid():
            user_name = request.POST.get('email', '')
            pass_word = request.POST.get('password', '')
            user_profile = UserProfile()   #实例化数据比哦啊
            user_profile.username = user_name
            user_profile.email = user_name
            user_profile.password = make_password(pass_word)  #对明文密码进行加密处理
            user_profile.is_active = False    #处于未激活状态
            user_profile.save()   #保存到数据表

            sendEmail(user_name, 'register')
            return render(request, 'login.html')

        else:
            return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form})

下面可以进行注册调试了，进去注册页面用邮箱进行注册,去查看邮箱（如果没有，请注意垃圾箱）

查看数据库

如果邮箱和密码不满足条件，form验证失败了，我也和之前login一样，提示给用户，register.html

[用户未激活]

正常情况下，我们刚刚注册的账号没有激活是无法登陆的，所以下我们还需要修改下登录逻辑，只有激活后的账号才能登录

class LoginView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, 'login.html', {})

    def post(self, request):
        Login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
        if Login_form.is_valid():
            user_name = request.POST.get('username', '')
            pass_word = request.POST.get('password', '')
            user = authenticate(username=user_name, password=pass_word)
            if user is not None:
                if user.is_active:
                    login(request, user)
                    return render(request, 'index.html')
                else:
                    return render(request, 'login.html', {'msg':'用户未激活'})
            else:
                return render(request, 'login.html', {'msg': '用户名或密码错误'})
        else:
            return render(request, 'login.html', {'login_form': Login_form})

现在再尝试用刚刚注册的账号登录，无法登陆成功，提示用户未激活

【账号激活】

现在来完成激活功能，编辑users.views.py，创建一个用于激活的类

class ActiveUserView(View):
    def get(self, request, active_code):  #active_code是url传过来的参数
        pass

配置url

...
from users.views import LoginView, RegisterView, ActiveUserView

urlpatterns = [
    #url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
    url(r'^$', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html'), name='index'),
    url(r'^login/$', LoginView.as_view(), name='login'),
    url(r'register/$', RegisterView.as_view(), name='register'),
    url(r'^captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),
    url(r'^active/(?P<active_code>.*)/$', ActiveUserView.as_view(), name='user_active'),
]

　　

现在断点调试，点击之前发送的激活邮件链接http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/04tMGcH7lPqsgG5G

active_code已经接收到了激活码，现在我们只需要把激活码取出来，然后去数据中查询，如果匹配上了，就把对应的用户激活

from .models import UserProfile, EmailVerifyRecord

class ActiveUserView(View):
    def get(self, request, active_code):
        all_records = EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(code=active_code)
        if all_records:
            for record in all_records:
                email = record.email
                user = UserProfile.objects.get(email=email)
                user.is_active = True
                user.save()
        return render(request, 'login.html')

现在点击激活链接，就可以激活成功，跳转登录页面，然后账号就可以成功登录了