关于C#调用WebServices的方法
2018-1-22
前情是我使用vs在引用高通的webservice时出现了下载错误导致无法引用这个服务，先是在网上查询了这个错误的问题及解决方案，将这个问题与解决方法发给了高通同事，可惜的是他也不清楚怎么回事，没有办法我只好再去查阅资料看看其他方法；这里总结几种方法
第一种：最常见的就是直接在项目的引用中右击添加服务引用
此方法用法如下：
首先需要添加引用；然后需要实例化，实例化完了之后就可以通过实例化的对象调用webservices的方法；
这个方法以前常用，可惜这次不行了；
第二种：不用通过引用，直接调用webservices
此方法又分为了几种：
https://www.cnblogs.com/weicanpeng/p/5755987.html 这是原网址。
（1）使用HttpWebRequest 向WebService发送POST请求,并将请求头:ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8",参数以JSON方式发送给WebService
/// <summary>
/// 需要WebService支持Post调用
/// </summary>
public static string PostWebServiceByJson(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + "/" + MethodName);
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8";
request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
request.Timeout = 10000;
byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HashtableToJson(Pars));
request.ContentLength = data.Length;
Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
writer.Close(); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(request.GetResponse().GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
return retXml;
}
调用方法如下：
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
ht.Add("Password", "Password");
ht.Add("AppKey", "123"); HttpHelper.PostWebServiceByJson("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht);
注意以上调用WebService方法，需要在WebService中将以下代码中的[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]注释去掉
// 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消注释以下行。
[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
(2)根据WebService文档对应方法说明（例如参数提交方式，请求）发送POST或Get请求
SOAP 1.1
以下是 SOAP 1.2 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。
POST /OpenApi/MobileService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: gps.szwearable.com
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
SOAPAction: "http://tempuri.org/Login" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Body>
<Login xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
<LoginName>string</LoginName>
<Password>string</Password>
<AppKey>string</AppKey>
</Login>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Body>
<LoginResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
<LoginResult>boolean</LoginResult>
</LoginResponse>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
以上Soap1.1示例相应代码如下
public static string SoapV1_1WebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars, string XmlNs)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
request.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", "\"" + XmlNs + (XmlNs.EndsWith("/") ? "" : "/") + MethodName + "\"");
// 凭证
request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
//超时时间
request.Timeout = 10000;
byte[] data = HashtableToSoap(Pars, XmlNs, MethodName);
request.ContentLength = data.Length;
Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
writer.Close();
var response = request.GetResponse();
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
doc.LoadXml(retXml);
XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
mgr.AddNamespace("soap", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
String xmlStr = doc.SelectSingleNode("//soap:Body/*/*", mgr).InnerXml; return xmlStr;
}
private static string ObjectToSoapXml(object o)
{
XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(o.GetType());
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
mySerializer.Serialize(ms, o);
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()));
if (doc.DocumentElement != null)
{
return doc.DocumentElement.InnerXml;
}
else
{
return o.ToString();
}
}
private static byte[] HashtableToSoap(Hashtable ht, String XmlNs, String MethodName)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml("<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\"></soap:Envelope>");
XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
doc.InsertBefore(decl, doc.DocumentElement);
XmlElement soapBody = doc.CreateElement("soap", "Body", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"); XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(MethodName);
soapMethod.SetAttribute("xmlns", XmlNs);
foreach (string k in ht.Keys)
{ XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(k);
soapPar.InnerXml = ObjectToSoapXml(ht[k]);
soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar);
}
soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod);
doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody);
return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml);
}
调用方法如下
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
ht.Add("Password", "Password");
ht.Add("AppKey", "123"); var data = HttpHelper.SoapV1_1WebService("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht, "http://tempuri.org/");
我是用SOAP1.1这个方法成功调用的；
此方法可以多加使用，当然有更好的方法时可以考虑使用更好的方法。
SOAP 1.2
以下是 SOAP 1.2 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。
POST /OpenApi/MobileService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: gps.szwearable.com
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
<soap12:Body>
<Login xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
<LoginName>string</LoginName>
<Password>string</Password>
<AppKey>string</AppKey>
</Login>
</soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
<soap12:Body>
<LoginResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
<LoginResult>boolean</LoginResult>
</LoginResponse>
</soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>
以上Soap1.2示例相应代码如下
public static string SoapV1_2WebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars, string XmlNs)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8"; // 凭证
request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
//超时时间
request.Timeout = 10000;
byte[] data = HashtableToSoap12(Pars, XmlNs, MethodName);
request.ContentLength = data.Length;
Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
writer.Close();
var response = request.GetResponse();
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
doc.LoadXml(retXml);
XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
mgr.AddNamespace("soap12", "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope");
String xmlStr = doc.SelectSingleNode("//soap12:Body/*/*", mgr).InnerXml; return xmlStr;
} private static byte[] HashtableToSoap12(Hashtable ht, String XmlNs, String MethodName)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml("<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap12=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\"></soap12:Envelope>");
XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
doc.InsertBefore(decl, doc.DocumentElement);
XmlElement soapBody = doc.CreateElement("soap12", "Body", "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"); XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(MethodName);
soapMethod.SetAttribute("xmlns", XmlNs);
foreach (string k in ht.Keys)
{ XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(k);
soapPar.InnerXml = ObjectToSoapXml(ht[k]);
soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar);
}
soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod);
doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody);
return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml);
}
private static string ObjectToSoapXml(object o)
{
XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(o.GetType());
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
mySerializer.Serialize(ms, o);
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()));
if (doc.DocumentElement != null)
{
return doc.DocumentElement.InnerXml;
}
else
{
return o.ToString();
}
}
调用方法如下
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
ht.Add("Password", "Password");
ht.Add("AppKey", "123");
var data = HttpHelper.SoapV1_2WebService("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht, "http://tempuri.org/");
HTTP GET
以下是 HTTP GET 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。
GET /OpenApi/MobileService.asmx/Login?LoginName=string&Password=string&AppKey=string HTTP/1.1
Host: gps.szwearable.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<boolean xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">boolean</boolean> 以上GET示例相应代码如下
/// <summary>
/// 需要WebService支持Get调用
/// </summary>
public static string WebServiceGet(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + "/" + MethodName + "?" + HashtableToPostData(Pars));
request.Method = "GET";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
// 凭证
request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
//超时时间
request.Timeout = 10000;
var response = request.GetResponse();
var stream = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
return retXml;
}
private static String HashtableToPostData(Hashtable ht)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (string k in ht.Keys)
{
if (sb.Length > 0)
{
sb.Append("&");
}
sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(k) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ht[k].ToString()));
}
return sb.ToString();
}
调用方法如下
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
ht.Add("Password", "Password");
ht.Add("AppKey", "123"); var data = HttpHelper.WebServiceGet("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht);
HTTP POST
以下是 HTTP POST 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。
POST /OpenApi/MobileService.asmx/Login HTTP/1.1
Host: gps.szwearable.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: length LoginName=string&Password=string&AppKey=string
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<boolean xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">boolean</boolean>
以上POST示例相应代码如下
/// <summary>
/// 需要WebService支持Post调用
/// </summary>
public static string PostWebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable ht)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + "/" + MethodName);
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
// 凭证
request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
//超时时间
request.Timeout = 10000;
var PostStr = HashtableToPostData(ht);
byte[] data = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(PostStr);
request.ContentLength = data.Length;
Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
writer.Close();
var response = request.GetResponse();
var stream = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
return retXml;
} private static String HashtableToPostData(Hashtable ht)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (string k in ht.Keys)
{
if (sb.Length > 0)
{
sb.Append("&");
}
sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(k) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ht[k].ToString()));
}
return sb.ToString();
}
调用方法如下
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
ht.Add("Password", "Password");
ht.Add("AppKey", "123");
var data = HttpHelper.PostWebService("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht);
WebService支持Post和Get方法
在Web.config，那么只需要修改或添加这么一段
<webServices>
<protocols>
<add name="HttpGet"/>
<add name="HttpPost"/>
</protocols>
</webServices>
还有一个说是动态添加，可惜我还是没有用成功
附上此动态调用代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Web.Services.Description;
using System.CodeDom;
using Microsoft.CSharp;
using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.Text; namespace DeliveryGT
{
public class AddWebServices
{
/// < summary>
/// 动态调用web服务
/// < /summary>
/// < param name="url">WSDL服务地址< /param>
/// < param name="methodname">方法名< /param>
/// < param name="args">参数< /param>
/// < returns>< /returns>
public static object InvokeWebService(string url, string methodname, object[] args)
{
return AddWebServices.InvokeWebService(url, null, methodname, args);
}
/// < summary>
/// 动态调用web服务
/// < /summary>
/// < param name="url">WSDL服务地址< /param>
/// < param name="classname">类名< /param>
/// < param name="methodname">方法名< /param>
/// < param name="args">参数< /param>
/// < returns>< /returns>
public static object InvokeWebService(string url, string classname, string methodname, object[] args)
{
//string @namespace = "EnterpriseServerBase.WebService.DynamicWebCalling";
string @namespace = "EnterpriseServerBase.WebService.DynamicWebCalling";
if ((classname == null) || (classname == ""))
{
classname = AddWebServices.GetWsClassName(url);
}
try
{ //获取WSDL
WebClient wc = new WebClient();
Stream stream = wc.OpenRead(url + "?WSDL");
ServiceDescription sd = ServiceDescription.Read(stream);
ServiceDescriptionImporter sdi = new ServiceDescriptionImporter();
sdi.AddServiceDescription(sd, "", "");
CodeNamespace cn = new CodeNamespace(@namespace);
//生成客户端代理类代码
CodeCompileUnit ccu = new CodeCompileUnit();
ccu.Namespaces.Add(cn);
sdi.Import(cn, ccu);
CSharpCodeProvider icc = new CSharpCodeProvider();
//设定编译参数
CompilerParameters cplist = new CompilerParameters();
cplist.GenerateExecutable = false;
cplist.GenerateInMemory = true;
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.XML.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Web.Services.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Data.dll");
//编译代理类
CompilerResults cr = icc.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
if (true == cr.Errors.HasErrors)
{
System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
foreach (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError ce in cr.Errors)
{
sb.Append(ce.ToString());
sb.Append(System.Environment.NewLine);
}
throw new Exception(sb.ToString());
}
//生成代理实例，并调用方法
System.Reflection.Assembly assembly = cr.CompiledAssembly;
Type t = assembly.GetType(@namespace + "." + classname, true, true);
object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
System.Reflection.MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod(methodname);
return mi.Invoke(obj, args);
// PropertyInfo propertyInfo = type.GetProperty(propertyname);
//return propertyInfo.GetValue(obj, null);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.InnerException.Message, new Exception(ex.InnerException.StackTrace));
}
}
private static string GetWsClassName(string wsUrl)
{
string[] parts = wsUrl.Split('/');
string[] pps = parts[parts.Length - 1].Split('.');
return pps[0];
} //上面那种方法的调用方式
//string url = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/TrainTimeWebService.asmx";
//string[] args = new string[2];
//args[0] = "k123";
//args[1] = "";
//object result = WSHelper.InvokeWebService(url, "getDetailInfoByTrainCode", args);
//DataSet ds = (DataSet)result;
//this.GridView1.DataSource = ds;
//this.GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
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