Ansible-playbook之定义变量

1.引用变量

# 变量引用方式
"{{ }}"

2.定义变量 (vars)

- hosts: web
  # 定义变量
  vars:
    - play_var: This_is_play_vars

  tasks:
    - name: touch new files
      file:
      # 引用变量
        path: "/tmp/{{ play_var }}"
        state: touch

3.定义变量文件 (vars_files)

# 定义变量文件 var.yml
# cat var.yml
play_var1: play_var1_sb1
play_var2: play_var2_sb2

# 测试剧本: cat web_test.yml
- hosts: web
  #引用变量文件
  vars_files:
  - ./var.yml

  tasks:
    - name: touch new files
      # 引用变量
      file:
        name: "/tmp/{{ play_var1 }}"
        state: touch

4.主机清单中定义变量 (inventory)

# cat hosts
[web]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
172.16.1.9

# 定义web组的变量,仅web组可使用
[web:vars]
inventory_var=inventory_variables

# 测试剧本: cat web_test.yml
- hosts: web
  tasks:
    - name: touch new files
      file:
        path: "/tmp/{{ inventory_var }}"
        state: touch

5.定义主机变量 (host_vars)

# 创建主机变量目录
mkdir host_vars

# 创建主机变量文件
touch host_vars/172.16.1.7

# cat host_vars/172.16.1.7
host_var: host_var172.16.1.7

# cat host_vars/172.16.1.8
host_var: host_var172.16.1.8

6.定义主机组变量 (group_vars)

# 创建组变量目录
mkdir group_vars

# 创建组变量文件
touch group_vars/web

# cat group_vars/web
group_vars: group_vars_web

# cat web_test.yml
- hosts:
  tasks:
    - name: touch new files
      file:
        path: "/tmp/{{ group_vars }}"
        state: touch

# 创建所有主机组变量文件
touch group_vars/all

# cat group_vars/all
group_all: group_all_test

# cat web_test.yml
- hosts:
  tasks:
    - name: touch new files
      file:
        path: "/tmp/{{ group_all }}"
        state: touch

7.命令行传参 （extra）

# cat web_test.yml
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: touch new files
      file:
        path: "/tmp/{{ extra_vars }}"
        state: touch

# 命令行传参
ansible-playbook web_test.yml -e "extra_vars=123"

8.定义变量的优先级

# 命令行
1. extra

# playbook
2. vars
3. vars_files

# inventory
4. host_vars
5. group_vars
6. group_all

# 可通过debug模块测试
- hosts: web
  tasks:
    - name: touch new files
      debug:
        msg: "{{ extra_vars }}"

9.变量注册register

- hosts: web
  tasks:
    - name: Output Nginx Process
      shell: ps aux| grep nginx
      # 注册变量
      register: nginx_process

    - name:
      debug:
        msg: "{{ nginx_process.stdout_lines }}"

10.核心变量 facts

# 查看ansible可调用系统变量
ansible localhost -m setup

# 调用系统变量,查看系统IP
- hosts: web
  tasks:
    - name:
      debug:
        msg: "{{ ansible_eth1.ipv4.address }}"