k8s之数据存储

查看k8s支持的存储类

kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes

1.emptydir

kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes.emptyDir

kubectl explain pods.spec.containers 容器中设置

kubectl explain pods.spec.containers.volumeMounts

实例：

cd manifests/

mkdir volumes

cd volumes/

cp ../pod-demo.yaml  ./

mv pod-demo.yaml pod-vol-demo.yaml

vim pod-vol-demo.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: pod-demo

namespace: default

labels:

app: myapp

tier: frontend

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

ports:

- name: http

containerPort: 80

volumeMounts: 容器中挂载

- name: html  关联pod存储卷名

mountPath: /data/web/html  容器中挂载的路径

- name: busybox

image: busybox:latest

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

volumeMounts:

- name: html

mountPath: /data

command:

- "/bin/sh"

- "-c"

- "sleep 3600"

volumes:  pod存储卷

- name: html  pod存储卷名

emptyDir: {}  pod存储卷类型

kubectl apply -f pod-vol-demo.yaml

kubectl exec -it pod-demo -c busybox -- /bin/sh

-c  指定busybox容器

df -hT 查看挂载

cd /data

date >> index.html

kubectl exec -it pod-demo -c myapp  -- /bin/sh

连入myapp容器

df -hT

cd /data/web/html

cat index.html 可以判定两个容器共享一个目录 emptyDir

实例:

kubectl delete -f pod-vol-demo.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: pod-demo

namespace: default

labels:

app: myapp

tier: frontend

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

ports:

- name: http

containerPort: 80

volumeMounts:

- name: html

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/

- name: busybox

image: busybox:latest

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

volumeMounts:

- name: html

mountPath: /data

command:

- "/bin/sh"

- "-c"

- "while true; do echo $(date) >> /data/index.html;sleep 2;done" 命令不会终止，终止容器就会退出

volumes:

- name: html

emptyDir: {}

kubectl apply -f pod-vol-demo.yaml

curl 10.244.1.120 访问验证数据

1.1 gitrRepo

kubectl explain pod.spec.volumes.gitRepo

2.hostPath 宿主机路径 挂载宿主机真实目录，pod消失，数据还在宿主机目录上

节点级持久

kubectl explain pod.spec.volumes.hostPath

vim pod-hostpath-vol.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: pod-vol-hostpath

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/

volumes:

- name: html

hostPath:  pod存储卷类型

path: /data/pod/volume1 指定的hostPath存储路径，即本地目录路径

type: DirectoryOrCreate 类型 目录不存在则创建

在两个节点执行，用于验证

mkdir -p /data/pod/volume1

echo "node1.baidu.com" > /data/pod/volume1/index.html

创建

kubectl apply -f pod-hostpath-vol.yaml

kubectl get pods -o wide

验证

curl 10.244.1.122

3.网络共享存储  nfs  具有持久性

实例

node2作为 nfs共享存储

yum install nfs-utils -y

mkdir /data/volumes

vim /etc/exports

/data/volumes   192.168.81.0/24(rw,no_root_squash) 压缩root权限

systemctl start nfs  nfs工作在2049端口

去node1节点测试

mount -t nfs node2:/data/volumes /mnt

不支持挂载，安装nfs套件

yum install nfs-utils -y

mount -t nfs node2:/data/volumes /mnt 测试能挂载上才能做网络共享存储

然后卸载 umount /mnt/

cp pod-hostpath-vol.yaml pod-nfs-vol.yaml

kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes.nfs

vim pod-nfs-vol.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: pod-vol-nfs

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/

volumes:

- name: html

nfs:  指定pod存储卷类型为nfs网络共享存储

path: /data/volumes  nfs的共享目录

server: node2  nfs服务器地址

创建

kubectl apply -f pod-nfs-vol.yaml

验证

kubectl get pods  -o wide

去nfs共享目录创建一个网页

echo "<h1>nfs store</h1>"  > /data/volumes/index.html

curl 10.244.2.96

4.persistentVolumeClaim  PVC 持久存储申请

kubectl explain pod.spec.volumes.persistentVolumeClaim

kubectl explain pvc

pvc 与 pv一一对应

pvc可以给多个pod访问

创建pv

以前面nfs为存储

cd /data/volumes

mkdir v{1,2,3,4,5}

vim /etc/exports

/data/volumes/v1        192.168.81.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/volumes/v2        192.168.81.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/volumes/v3        192.168.81.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/volumes/v4        192.168.81.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/volumes/v5        192.168.81.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

systemctl restart nfs

exportfs -arv

在node1上 showmount -e node2

在master上k8s把5个存储卷定义成pv

kubectl explain pv

kubectl explain pv.spec

kubectl explain pv.spec.nfs

vim pv-demo.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume 资源类型 pv

metadata:

name: pv001  pv名

labels:  pv标签

name: pv001

polity: fast

spec:  pv规格

nfs:  pv的存储类型nfs

path: /data/volumes/v1  nfs共享的目录

server: node2  nfs服务器地址

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]  pv读写模式 多路读写 单路读写

capacity:  pv最大容量

storage: 1Gi   最大容量1Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

name: pv002

labels:

name: pv002

polity: fast

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/volumes/v2

server: node2

accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 5Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

name: pv003

labels:

name: pv003

polity: fast

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/volumes/v3

server: node2

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 20Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

name: pv004

labels:

name: pv004

polity: fast

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/volumes/v4

server: node2

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 10Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

name: pv005

labels:

name: pv005

polity: fast

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/volumes/v5

server: node2

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 10Gi

创建

kubectl apply -f pv-demo.yaml

kubectl get pv

注：RECLAIM POLICY 回收策略  pvc绑定解除之后数据处理问题

创建pvc

vim pod-vol-pvc.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim 资源类型 pvc

metadata:

name: mypvc   pvc名

namespace: default  pvc名称空间要与使用该pvc的pod名称空间一致

spec: 规格

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]  指定使用pv的方式 多路读写

resources:  要求的资源大小

requests:  要求

storage: 6Gi 大小6G存储

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: pod-vol-pvc

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/

volumes:  指定pod存储类型

- name: html  pod存储名

persistentVolumeClaim:  pod存储类型为pvc

claimName: mypvc  申请名，就是pvc名

创建pvc和pod

kubectl apply -f pod-vol-pvc.yaml

验证

kubectl get pv 可以看到一个pv被绑定了

kubectl get pvc 查看pvc

kubectl get pods -o wide

kubectl describe pods pod-vol-pvc

测试:

到nfs的 v5目录

echo test node v5 > index.html

然后在任一节点

curl 10.244.2.49

kubectl delete pods pod-vol-pvc  删除pod数据依然在