JavaScript 从零实现物理模拟
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.markdown-body h3 { margin: 30px 0; font-size: 18px; position: relative; padding: 4px 32px; width: max-content }
.markdown-body h3:before { border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); width: 100%; content: ""; display: block; height: 28px; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: -2px; margin: auto; background-size: 28px 28px; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,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"); background-repeat: no-repeat; animation: 2s infinite alternate h3animationbefore }
@keyframes h3AnimationBefore { 0% { width: 28px } 25% { width: 100% } 50% { width: 100% } 100% { width: 100% } }
.markdown-body h3:after { content: ""; display: block; width: 28px; height: 28px; position: absolute; border: 2px solid rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); border-radius: 50%; right: -15px; top: 0; bottom: 0; margin: auto; background-size: 28px 28px; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,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"); animation: 2s infinite alternate h3animationafter }
@keyframes h3AnimationAfter { 0% { } 10% { } 50% { transform: rotate(-1turn) } 100% { transform: rotate(-1turn) } }
.markdown-body h4 { font-size: 16px }
.markdown-body h5 { font-size: 15px }
.markdown-body h6 { margin-top: 5px }
.markdown-body p { line-height: inherit; margin: 22px 0; letter-spacing: 2px; font-size: 14px; word-spacing: 2px }
.markdown-body img { max-width: 80%; border-radius: 6px; display: block; margin: 20px auto !important; object-fit: contain; box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(110, 110, 110, 0.45) }
.markdown-body figcaption { display: block; font-size: 13px; color: rgba(43, 43, 43, 1) }
.markdown-body figcaption:before { content: ""; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgBAMAAACBVGfHAAAAGFBMVEVHcExAuPtAuPpAuPtAuPpAuPtAvPxAuPokzOX5AAAAB3RSTlMAkDLqNegkoiUM7wAAAGBJREFUKM9jYBhcgMkBTUDVBE1BeDGqEtXychNUBeXlKEqACsrLQxB8lnCQQClCiWt5OYoSiAIkJVAF5eVBqAqAShTAAs7l5ShKWMwRAmAlSArASpAVgJUkCqIAscESHwCVVjMBK9JnbQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="); display: inline-block; width: 18px; height: 18px; background-size: 18px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: -5px }
.markdown-body hr { border-top: 1px solid rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; margin-top: 32px; margin-bottom: 32px }
.markdown-body del { color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 1) }
.markdown-body code { border-radius: 2px; overflow-x: auto; background-color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 0.08); color: rgba(38, 198, 218, 1); padding: 0.195em 0.4em }
.markdown-body pre { font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace; overflow: auto; position: relative; line-height: 1.75; box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(110, 110, 110, 0.45); border-radius: 4px; margin: 16px }
.markdown-body pre:before { content: ""; display: block; height: 30px; width: 100%; margin-bottom: -7px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,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") 10px 10px / 40px no-repeat }
.markdown-body pre>code { font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 12px; margin: 0; word-break: normal; display: block; overflow-x: auto; color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 1); background: rgba(248, 248, 248, 1) }
.markdown-body a { color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; margin: 0 4px }
.markdown-body a:active, .markdown-body a:hover { background-color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 0.1) }
.markdown-body strong { color: rgba(38, 198, 218, 1) }
.markdown-body strong:before { content: "「" }
.markdown-body strong:after { content: "」" }
.markdown-body em { font-style: normal; color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); font-weight: 700 }
.markdown-body table { display: inline-block !important; font-size: 12px; width: auto; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid rgba(246, 246, 246, 1) }
.markdown-body thead { background: rgba(246, 246, 246, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); text-align: left }
.markdown-body tr:nth-child(2n) { background-color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 0.05) }
.markdown-body td, .markdown-body th { padding: 12px 7px; line-height: 24px }
.markdown-body td { min-width: 120px }
.markdown-body blockquote { margin: 2em 0; padding: 24px 32px; border-left: 4px solid rgba(38, 198, 218, 1); background: rgba(77, 208, 225, 0.15); position: relative }
.markdown-body blockquote:before { content: "❝"; top: 8px; left: 8px; color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; font-weight: 700; position: absolute; opacity: 0.7 }
.markdown-body blockquote:after { content: "❞"; font-size: 30px; position: absolute; right: 8px; bottom: 0; color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); opacity: 0.7 }
.markdown-body blockquote p { color: rgba(89, 89, 89, 1); line-height: 2 }
.markdown-body ol, .markdown-body ul { color: rgba(89, 89, 89, 1); padding-left: 28px }
.markdown-body ol li, .markdown-body ul li { margin-bottom: 0; list-style: inherit }
.markdown-body ol li .task-list-item, .markdown-body ul li .task-list-item { list-style: none }
.markdown-body ol li .task-list-item ol, .markdown-body ol li .task-list-item ul, .markdown-body ul li .task-list-item ol, .markdown-body ul li .task-list-item ul { margin-top: 0 }
.markdown-body ol ol, .markdown-body ol ul, .markdown-body ul ol, .markdown-body ul ul { margin-top: 3px }
.markdown-body ol li { padding-left: 6px }
@media (max-width: 720px) { .markdown-body h1 { font-size: 24px } .markdown-body h2 { font-size: 20px } .markdown-body h3 { font-size: 18px } }.markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre>code.hljs { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) }
.hljs-comment, .hljs-quote, .hljs-variable { color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1) }
.hljs-built_in, .hljs-keyword, .hljs-name, .hljs-selector-tag, .hljs-tag { color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1) }
.hljs-addition, .hljs-attribute, .hljs-literal, .hljs-section, .hljs-string, .hljs-template-tag, .hljs-template-variable, .hljs-title, .hljs-type { color: rgba(163, 21, 21, 1) }
.hljs-deletion, .hljs-meta, .hljs-selector-attr, .hljs-selector-pseudo { color: rgba(43, 145, 175, 1) }
.hljs-doctag { color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 1) }
.hljs-attr { color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1) }
.hljs-bullet, .hljs-link, .hljs-symbol { color: rgba(0, 176, 232, 1) }
.hljs-emphasis { font-style: italic }
.hljs-strong { font-weight: 700 }
.markdown-body { line-height: 1.75; font-weight: 400; font-size: 15px; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgba(43, 43, 43, 1); font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 219, 252, 0.15) 3%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0), linear-gradient(1turn, rgba(159, 219, 252, 0.15) 3%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0); background-size: 20px 20px; background-position: center }
.markdown-body h1, .markdown-body h2, .markdown-body h3, .markdown-body h4, .markdown-body h5, .markdown-body h6 { padding: 30px 0; margin-top: 35px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgba(77, 208, 225, 1) }
.markdown-body h1 { font-size: 30px; text-align: center; position: relative; width: max-content; margin: 0 auto }
.markdown-body h1:before { position: absolute; content: ""; z-index: -1; top: -20px; height: 100%; width: 100px; left: 0; right: 0; margin: 0 auto; background: 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@keyframes h1Animate { 0% { background-position: right bottom } 50% { background-position: right } 100% { background-position: right bottom } }
.markdown-body h2 { display: block; border-bottom: 4px solid rgba(77, 208, 225, 1); position: relative; font-size: 24px; padding: 12px 32px; margin: 30px 0 }
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.markdown-body h2:after, .markdown-body h2:before { content: ""; display: block; position: absolute; bottom: 0 }
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最近掌门人在写3D游戏，对于其中的物理效果很感兴趣，今天我将使用纯JavaScript来实现一个简易的物理模拟，其中包括碰撞检测与响应、摩擦力与空气阻力、以及物体的破坏效果。本文的目标是创建一个可以控制物体的环境，其中物体会按照物理定律移动，并且能够相互之间发生碰撞和反应。并且不会使用任何第三方库，从零实现。
碰撞检测
首先就是碰撞检测，在游戏中这是最基础的效果，下述栗子中将会实现检测两个矩形物体是否发生碰撞。
function isColliding(rect1, rect2) {
return (
rect1.x < rect2.x + rect2.width &&
rect1.x + rect1.width > rect2.x &&
rect1.y < rect2.y + rect2.height &&
rect1.height + rect1.y > rect2.y
);
}
// 测试碰撞检测
const rect1 = { x: 5, y: 5, width: 50, height: 50 };
const rect2 = { x: 20, y: 20, width: 50, height: 50 };
console.log(isColliding(rect1, rect2)); // 输出：true
碰撞响应
正常情况下，当两个物体发生碰撞时，我们需要计算它们的碰撞响应。在这里，就简单地反转它们的速度来模拟弹性碰撞。
function resolveCollision(obj1, obj2) {
const tempVelocity = obj1.velocity;
obj1.velocity = obj2.velocity;
obj2.velocity = tempVelocity;
}
// 测试碰撞响应
let obj1 = { velocity: { x: 5, y: 0 } };
let obj2 = { velocity: { x: -3, y: 0 } };
if (isColliding(rect1, rect2)) {
resolveCollision(obj1, obj2);
}
console.log(obj1.velocity, obj2.velocity); // 输出：{ x: -3, y: 0 } { x: 5, y: 0 }
3. 摩擦力
摩擦力会减缓物体在接触表面上的移动。在这个示例中，我们使用一个简单的摩擦系数来模拟摩擦力对速度的影响。
function applyFriction(velocity, friction) {
velocity.x *= friction;
velocity.y *= friction;
}
// 测试摩擦力
let velocity = { x: 10, y: 0 };
const friction = 0.95; // 摩擦系数
applyFriction(velocity, friction);
console.log(velocity); // 输出：{ x: 9.5, y: 0 }
空气阻力
空气阻力会减缓物体在空中的移动。我们可以通过减小速度的百分比来模拟这种效果.
function applyDrag(velocity, drag) {
velocity.x *= (1 - drag);
velocity.y *= (1 - drag);
}
// 测试空气阻力
let velocity = { x: 10, y: 0 };
const drag = 0.05; // 空气阻力系数
applyDrag(velocity, drag);
console.log(velocity); // 输出：{ x: 9.5, y: 0 }
物体破坏
首先当物体的速度超过一定阈值时，我们可以假设物体已经被破坏。这里我们定义一个简单的函数来判断物体是否应该被破坏，并在破坏发生时改变其状态。
function checkAndApplyDamage(obj, threshold) {
const speed = Math.sqrt(obj.velocity.x ** 2 + obj.velocity.y ** 2);
if (speed > threshold) {
obj.isDestroyed = true;
}
}
// 测试物体破坏
let obj = { velocity: { x: 50, y: 0 }, isDestroyed: false };
const damageThreshold = 30; // 破坏阈值
checkAndApplyDamage(obj, damageThreshold);
console.log(obj.isDestroyed); // 输出：true
完整案例
俗话说光说不练假把式，所有的都是为最终的效果服务的，最后我们将上述的所有效果整合起来，实现一个简单的demo效果。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>物理模拟</title>
<style>
canvas {
border: 1px solid black;
}
#controls {
margin-top: 10px;
}
.info {
margin-right: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
</body>
<canvas id="simulation" width="500" height="300"></canvas>
<div id="controls">
<div class="info">
<label for="friction">摩擦力:</label>
<input type="range" id="friction" min="0" max="1" step="0.01" value="0.99">
<span id="frictionValue">0.99</span>
</div>
<div class="info">
<label for="drag">风阻:</label>
<input type="range" id="drag" min="0" max="0.1" step="0.001" value="0.01">
<span id="dragValue">0.01</span>
</div>
<div class="info">
<label for="threshold">临界值:</label>
<input type="range" id="threshold" min="0" max="500" step="1" value="25">
<span id="thresholdValue">25</span>
</div>
<button id="restartBtn">重启模拟</button>
</div>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
// 获取canvas和context
const canvas = document.getElementById('simulation');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
// 定义物体构造函数
function GameObject(x, y, width, height, velocity) {
this.initialX = x;
this.initialY = y;
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.initialVelocity = { ...velocity };
this.velocity = { ...velocity };
this.isDestroyed = false;
}
// 添加方法到GameObject原型
GameObject.prototype = {
reset() {
this.x = this.initialX;
this.y = this.initialY;
this.velocity = { ...this.initialVelocity };
this.isDestroyed = false;
},
isColliding(other) {
return (
this.x < other.x + other.width &&
this.x + this.width > other.x &&
this.y < other.y + other.height &&
this.height + this.y > other.y
);
},
resolveCollision(other) {
if (!this.isDestroyed && !other.isDestroyed) {
console.log('打印碰撞前的速度:', Math.sqrt(this.velocity.x ** 2 + this.velocity.y ** 2), Math.sqrt(other.velocity.x ** 2 + other.velocity.y ** 2));
const tempVelocity = this.velocity;
this.velocity = other.velocity;
other.velocity = tempVelocity;
console.log('打印碰撞后的速度:', Math.sqrt(this.velocity.x ** 2 + this.velocity.y ** 2), Math.sqrt(other.velocity.x ** 2 + other.velocity.y ** 2));
}
},
update(friction, drag, threshold) {
if (this.isDestroyed) return;
// 应用摩擦力和空气阻力
this.velocity.x *= friction;
this.velocity.y *= friction;
this.velocity.x *= (1 - drag);
this.velocity.y *= (1 - drag);
// 更新位置
this.x += this.velocity.x;
this.y += this.velocity.y;
// 检查破坏
const speed = Math.sqrt(this.velocity.x ** 2 + this.velocity.y ** 2);
if (speed > threshold) {
this.isDestroyed = true;
}
},
draw() {
ctx.fillStyle = this.isDestroyed ? 'red' : 'blue';
ctx.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height);
}
};
// 实例化物体，确保设置了 x 和 y
const obj1 = new GameObject(100, 100, 50, 50, { x: 5, y: 0 });
const obj2 = new GameObject(300, 100, 50, 50, { x: -5, y: 0 });
// 设置物理参数
let friction = 0.99;
let drag = 0.01;
let destructionThreshold = 25;
// 获取控件元素
const frictionInput = document.getElementById('friction');
const dragInput = document.getElementById('drag');
const thresholdInput = document.getElementById('threshold');
const frictionValueDisplay = document.getElementById('frictionValue');
const dragValueDisplay = document.getElementById('dragValue');
const thresholdValueDisplay = document.getElementById('thresholdValue');
const restartBtn = document.getElementById('restartBtn');
// 更新参数值的函数
function updateParameters() {
friction = parseFloat(frictionInput.value);
drag = parseFloat(dragInput.value);
destructionThreshold = parseFloat(thresholdInput.value);
}
// 监听滑动条的变化
frictionInput.addEventListener('input', function () {
frictionValueDisplay.textContent = this.value;
});
dragInput.addEventListener('input', function () {
dragValueDisplay.textContent = this.value;
});
thresholdInput.addEventListener('input', function () {
thresholdValueDisplay.textContent = this.value;
});
// 动画循环函数
let animationFrameId;
function animate() {
animationFrameId = requestAnimationFrame(animate);
// 清除画布
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
// 更新和绘制物体
obj1.update(friction, drag, destructionThreshold);
obj2.update(friction, drag, destructionThreshold);
obj1.draw();
obj2.draw();
// 碰撞检测和响应
if (obj1.isColliding(obj2)) {
obj1.resolveCollision(obj2);
}
}
// 启动动画
animate();
// 重新开始动画的函数
function restartAnimation() {
// 取消当前的动画帧请求
cancelAnimationFrame(animationFrameId);
// 重置物体状态
obj1.reset();
obj2.reset();
// 更新参数
updateParameters();
// 重新开始动画
animate();
}
// 绑定重启按钮事件
restartBtn.addEventListener('click', restartAnimation);
})
</script>
<body>
总结
上述的案例我们实现了简单的物理模拟效果，只是给大家一个思路，毕竟万物皆可JS嘛，但是如果大家想要在项目中使用的话，就需要更加拟真和复杂的算法，本文只是带大家大概的了解一下它的实现方式。
大家快去试试吧，俗话说眼过千遍，不如手过一遍，说不定大家在实现的过程中，会找到更加方便简易的实现方法。
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