Python之控制台输入密码的方法

一、raw_input()或input()：

for python 2.x

[root@master test]# /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python test.py
Please input your password:123
your password is 123
[root@master test]# cat test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-

#for python 2.x
#input = raw_input("Please input your password:")
#print "your password is %s" %input

for python 3.x

[root@master test]# /usr/local/python3.4/bin/python3 test.py
Please input your password:123
your password is 123
[root@master test]# cat test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-

#for python 3.x
input = input("Please input your password:")
print ("your password is %s" %input)

Note：这种方法最简单，但是不安全，很容易暴露密码。
二、getpass.getpass()：

for python 2.x

[root@master test]# /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python test.py
Please input your password:
your password is 123
[root@master test]# cat test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-

import getpass

#for python 2.x
input = getpass.getpass("Please input your password:")
print "your password is %s" %input

for python 3.x

[root@master test]# /usr/local/python3.4/bin/python3 test.py
Please input your password:
your password is 123
[root@master test]# cat test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-

import getpass

#for python 3.x
input = getpass.getpass("Please input your password:")
print ("your password is %s" %input)

Note：这种方法很安全，但是看不到输入的位数，让人看着有点不太习惯，而且没有退格效果。
三、termios：

for python 2.x

[root@master test]# /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python test.py
Enter your password:***
your password is 123
[root@master test]# cat test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-

import sys, tty, termios 

#for python 2.x
def getch():
  fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
  old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
  try:
    tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
    ch = sys.stdin.read(1)
  finally:
    termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
  return ch
def getpass(maskchar = "*"):
  password = ""
  while True:
    ch = getch()
    if ch == "\r" or ch == "\n":
      print
      return password
    elif ch == "\b" or ord(ch) == 127:
      if len(password) > 0:
        sys.stdout.write("\b \b")
        password = password[:-1]
    else:
      if maskchar != None:
        sys.stdout.write(maskchar)
      password += ch
if __name__ == "__main__":
  print "Enter your password:",
  password = getpass("*")
  print "your password is %s" %password

for python 3.x

[root@master test]# /usr/local/python3.4/bin/python3 test.py
Enter your password:
***your password is 123
[root@master test]# cat test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-

import sys, tty, termios 

#for python 3.x
def getch():
  fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
  old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
  try:
    tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
    ch = sys.stdin.read(1)
  finally:
    termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
  return ch
def getpass(maskchar = "*"):
  password = ""
  while True:
    ch = getch()
    if ch == "\r" or ch == "\n":
      print
      return password
    elif ch == "\b" or ord(ch) == 127:
      if len(password) > 0:
        sys.stdout.write("\b \b")
        password = password[:-1]
    else:
      if maskchar != None:
        sys.stdout.write(maskchar)
      password += ch
if __name__ == "__main__":
  print ("Enter your password:",)
  password = getpass("*")
  print ("your password is %s" %password)

Note：这种方法可以实现输入显示星号，而且还有退格功能，该方法仅在Linux上使用。

四、msvcrt.getch()

F:\Python\Alex\s12\zhulh>python test.py
Please input your password:
***
your password is:123

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
import msvcrt,sys
def pwd_input():
    chars = []
    while True:
        try:
            newChar = msvcrt.getch().decode(encoding="utf-8")
        except:
            return input("你很可能不是在cmd命令行下运行，密码输入将不能隐藏:")
        if newChar in '\r\n': # 如果是换行，则输入结束
             break
        elif newChar == '\b': # 如果是退格，则删除密码末尾一位并且删除一个星号
             if chars:
                 del chars[-1]
                 msvcrt.putch('\b'.encode(encoding='utf-8')) # 光标回退一格
                 msvcrt.putch( ' '.encode(encoding='utf-8')) # 输出一个空格覆盖原来的星号
                 msvcrt.putch('\b'.encode(encoding='utf-8')) # 光标回退一格准备接受新的输入
        else:
            chars.append(newChar)
            msvcrt.putch('*'.encode(encoding='utf-8')) # 显示为星号
    return (''.join(chars) )  

print("Please input your password:")
pwd = pwd_input()
print("\nyour password is:{0}".format(pwd))
sys.exit()

Note：这种方法可以实现输入显示星号，而且还有退格功能，该方法仅在Windows上使用。

在这里提供shell实现的输入密码显示星号的方法：

[root@master test]# sh ./passwd.sh
Please input your passwd: ***
Your password is:
[root@master test]# cat passwd.sh
#!/bin/sh

getchar() {
    stty cbreak -echo
    dd if=/dev/tty bs= count= > /dev/null
    stty -cbreak echo
}

printf "Please input your passwd: "

while : ; do
    ret=`getchar`
    if [ x$ret =  x ]; then
        echo
        break
    fi
    str="$str$ret"
    printf "*"
done
echo "Your password is: $str"

这里还有一个获取跨平台按键的例子：

class _Getch:
    """Gets a single character from standard input.  Does not echo to the screen."""
    def __init__(self):
        try:
            self.impl = _GetchWindows()
        except ImportError:
            try:
                self.impl = _GetchMacCarbon()
            except AttributeError:
                self.impl = _GetchUnix()  

    def __call__(self): return self.impl()  

class _GetchUnix:
    def __init__(self):
        import tty, sys, termios # import termios now or else you'll get the Unix version on the Mac  

    def __call__(self):
        import sys, tty, termios
        fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
        old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
        try:
            tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
            ch = sys.stdin.read(1)
        finally:
            termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
        return ch  

class _GetchWindows:
    def __init__(self):
        import msvcrt  

    def __call__(self):
        import msvcrt
        return msvcrt.getch()  

class _GetchMacCarbon:
    """
    A function which returns the current ASCII key that is down;
    if no ASCII key is down, the null string is returned.  The
    page http://www.mactech.com/macintosh-c/chap02-1.html was
    very helpful in figuring out how to do this.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        import Carbon
        Carbon.Evt #see if it has this (in Unix, it doesn't)  

    def __call__(self):
        import Carbon
        if Carbon.Evt.EventAvail(0x0008)[0]==0: # 0x0008 is the keyDownMask
            return ''
        else:
            #
            # The event contains the following info:
            # (what,msg,when,where,mod)=Carbon.Evt.GetNextEvent(0x0008)[1]
            #
            # The message (msg) contains the ASCII char which is
            # extracted with the 0x000000FF charCodeMask; this
            # number is converted to an ASCII character with chr() and
            # returned
            #
            (what,msg,when,where,mod)=Carbon.Evt.GetNextEvent(0x0008)[1]
            return chr(msg & 0x000000FF)  

if __name__ == '__main__': # a little test
   print 'Press a key'
   inkey = _Getch()
   import sys
   for i in xrange(sys.maxint):
      k=inkey()
      if k<>'':break
   print 'you pressed ',k