玩转Android Camera开发(三):国内首发---使用GLSurfaceView预览Camera 基础拍照demo

GLSurfaceView是OpenGL中的一个类，也是能够预览Camera的，并且在预览Camera上有其独到之处。

独到之处在哪？当使用Surfaceview无能为力、痛不欲生时就仅仅有使用GLSurfaceView了。它能够真正做到让Camera的数据和显示分离，所以搞明确了这个，像Camera仅仅开预览不显示这都是小菜，妥妥的。

Android4.0的自带Camera源代码是用SurfaceView预览的。但到了4.2就换成了GLSurfaceView来预览。

现在到了4.4又用了自家的TextureView。所以从中能够窥探出新增TextureView的用意。

虽说Android4.2的Camera源代码是用GLSurfaceView预览的，可是进行了大量的封装又封装的。由于是OpenGL小白，真是看的不知所云。

俺滴要求不高，仅仅想弄个可拍照的摸清GLSurfaceView在预览Camera上的使用流程。经过一番百度一无所获。后来翻出去Google一大圈也没发现可用的。

倒是非常多人都在用GLSurfaceView和Surfaceview同一时候预览Camera，Surfaceview用来预览数据，在上面又铺了一层GLSurfaceView绘制一些信息。无奈自己摸索，整出来的是能拍照也能得到数据。可是界面上不是一块白板就是一块黑板啥都不显示。后来在stackoverflow最终找到了一个可用的链接。哈哈。苍天啊。最终柳暗花明了！參考此链接，自己又改改摸索了一天才彻底搞定。之所以费这么多时间是不明确OpenGL ES2.0的绘制基本流程，跟简单的OpenGL的绘制还是稍有区别。

以下上源代码:

一、CameraGLSurfaceView.java 此类继承GLSurfaceView，并实现了两个接口

package org.yanzi.camera.preview;

import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;

import org.yanzi.camera.CameraInterface;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
import android.opengl.GLES11Ext;
import android.opengl.GLES20;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;

public class CameraGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView implements Renderer, SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener {
	private static final String TAG = "yanzi";
	Context mContext;
	SurfaceTexture mSurface;
	int mTextureID = -1;
	DirectDrawer mDirectDrawer;
	public CameraGLSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		mContext = context;
		setEGLContextClientVersion(2);
		setRenderer(this);
		setRenderMode(RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY);
	}
	@Override
	public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceCreated...");
		mTextureID = createTextureID();
		mSurface = new SurfaceTexture(mTextureID);
		mSurface.setOnFrameAvailableListener(this);
		mDirectDrawer = new DirectDrawer(mTextureID);
		CameraInterface.getInstance().doOpenCamera(null);

	}
	@Override
	public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceChanged...");
		GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
		if(!CameraInterface.getInstance().isPreviewing()){
			CameraInterface.getInstance().doStartPreview(mSurface, 1.33f);
		}

	}
	@Override
	public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "onDrawFrame...");
		GLES20.glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
		GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
		mSurface.updateTexImage();
		float[] mtx = new float[16];
		mSurface.getTransformMatrix(mtx);
		mDirectDrawer.draw(mtx);
	}

	@Override
	public void onPause() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPause();
		CameraInterface.getInstance().doStopCamera();
	}
	private int createTextureID()
	{
		int[] texture = new int[1];

		GLES20.glGenTextures(1, texture, 0);
		GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture[0]);
		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,
				GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL10.GL_LINEAR);
		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,
				GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);
		GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,
				GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
		GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,
				GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);

		return texture[0];
	}
	public SurfaceTexture _getSurfaceTexture(){
		return mSurface;
	}
	@Override
	public void onFrameAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "onFrameAvailable...");
		this.requestRender();
	}

}

关于这个类进行简单说明:

1、Renderer这个接口里有三个回调: onSurfaceCreated() onSurfaceChanged() onDrawFrame(),在onSurfaceCreated里设置了GLSurfaceView的版本号: setEGLContextClientVersion(2); 假设没这个设置是啥都画不出来了，由于Android支持OpenGL ES1.1和2.0及最新的3.0，并且版本号间区别非常大。不告诉他版本号他不知道用哪个版本号的api渲染。

在设置setRenderer(this);后，再设置它的模式为RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY。这个也非常关键，看api：

When renderMode is RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY, the renderer is called repeatedly to re-render the scene. When renderMode is RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY, the renderer only rendered when the surface is created, or when requestRender is called. Defaults to RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY.

Using RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY can improve battery life and overall system performance by allowing the GPU and CPU to idle when the view does not need to be updated.

大意是RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY模式就会一直Render，假设设置成RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY。就是当有数据时才rendered或者主动调用了GLSurfaceView的requestRender.默认是连续模式，非常显然Camera适合脏模式，一秒30帧，当有数据来时再渲染。

2、正因是RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY所以就要告诉GLSurfaceView什么时候Render，也就是啥时候进到onDrawFrame()这个函数里。SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener这个接口就干了这么一件事，当有数据上来后会进到

public void onFrameAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.i(TAG, "onFrameAvailable...");
this.requestRender();
}

这里，然后运行requestRender()。

3、网上有一些OpenGL ES的演示样例是在Activity里实现了SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener此接口，事实上这个无所谓。

不管是被谁实现。关键看在回调里干了什么事。

4、与TextureView里对照可知，TextureView预览时由于实现了SurfaceTextureListener会自己主动创建SurfaceTexture。但在GLSurfaceView里则要手动创建同一时候绑定一个纹理ID。

5、本文在onSurfaceCreated()里打开Camera，在onSurfaceChanged()里开启预览，默认1.33的比例。

原因是相比前两种预览，此处SurfaceTexture创建须要一定时间。假设想要开预览时由Activity发起，则要GLSurfaceView利用Handler将创建的SurfaceTexture传递给Activity。

二、DirectDrawer.java 此类非常关键，负责将SurfaceTexture内容绘制到屏幕上

package org.yanzi.camera.preview;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.ShortBuffer;

import android.opengl.GLES11Ext;
import android.opengl.GLES20;
import android.opengl.Matrix;

public class DirectDrawer {
	private final String vertexShaderCode =
            "attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
            "attribute vec2 inputTextureCoordinate;" +
            "varying vec2 textureCoordinate;" +
            "void main()" +
            "{"+
                "gl_Position = vPosition;"+
                "textureCoordinate = inputTextureCoordinate;" +
            "}";

    private final String fragmentShaderCode =
            "#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external : require\n"+
            "precision mediump float;" +
            "varying vec2 textureCoordinate;\n" +
            "uniform samplerExternalOES s_texture;\n" +
            "void main() {" +
            "  gl_FragColor = texture2D( s_texture, textureCoordinate );\n" +
            "}";

    private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer, textureVerticesBuffer;
    private ShortBuffer drawListBuffer;
    private final int mProgram;
    private int mPositionHandle;
    private int mTextureCoordHandle;

    private short drawOrder[] = { 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3 }; // order to draw vertices

    // number of coordinates per vertex in this array
    private static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 2;

    private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex

    static float squareCoords[] = {
       -1.0f,  1.0f,
       -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f,  1.0f,
    };

    static float textureVertices[] = {
        0.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.0f, 0.0f,
    };

    private int texture;

    public DirectDrawer(int texture)
    {
        this.texture = texture;
        // initialize vertex byte buffer for shape coordinates
        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(squareCoords.length * 4);
        bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
        vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
        vertexBuffer.put(squareCoords);
        vertexBuffer.position(0);

        // initialize byte buffer for the draw list
        ByteBuffer dlb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(drawOrder.length * 2);
        dlb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
        drawListBuffer = dlb.asShortBuffer();
        drawListBuffer.put(drawOrder);
        drawListBuffer.position(0);

        ByteBuffer bb2 = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textureVertices.length * 4);
        bb2.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
        textureVerticesBuffer = bb2.asFloatBuffer();
        textureVerticesBuffer.put(textureVertices);
        textureVerticesBuffer.position(0);

        int vertexShader    = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderCode);
        int fragmentShader  = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderCode);

        mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram();             // create empty OpenGL ES Program
        GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader);   // add the vertex shader to program
        GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader); // add the fragment shader to program
        GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram);                  // creates OpenGL ES program executables
    }

    public void draw(float[] mtx)
    {
        GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);

        GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
        GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture);

        // get handle to vertex shader's vPosition member
        mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");

        // Enable a handle to the triangle vertices
        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);

        // Prepare the <insert shape here> coordinate data
        GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, vertexBuffer);

        mTextureCoordHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "inputTextureCoordinate");
        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mTextureCoordHandle);

//        textureVerticesBuffer.clear();
//        textureVerticesBuffer.put( transformTextureCoordinates( textureVertices, mtx ));
//        textureVerticesBuffer.position(0);
        GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mTextureCoordHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, textureVerticesBuffer);

        GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, drawOrder.length, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, drawListBuffer);

        // Disable vertex array
        GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
        GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mTextureCoordHandle);
    }

    private  int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode){

        // create a vertex shader type (GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
        // or a fragment shader type (GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
        int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type);

        // add the source code to the shader and compile it
        GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);
        GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);

        return shader;
    }
    private float[] transformTextureCoordinates( float[] coords, float[] matrix)
    {
       float[] result = new float[ coords.length ];
       float[] vt = new float[4];      

       for ( int i = 0 ; i < coords.length ; i += 2 ) {
           float[] v = { coords[i], coords[i+1], 0 , 1  };
           Matrix.multiplyMV(vt, 0, matrix, 0, v, 0);
           result[i] = vt[0];
           result[i+1] = vt[1];
       }
       return result;
    }
}

三、有了上面两个类就完毕95%的工作，能够将GLSurfaceView看成是有生命周期的。在onPause里进行关闭Camera。在Activity里复写两个方法:

	@Override
	protected void onResume() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onResume();
		glSurfaceView.bringToFront();
	}

	@Override
	protected void onPause() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onPause();
		glSurfaceView.onPause();
	}

这个glSurfaceView.bringToFront();事实上不写也中。

在布局里写入自己定义的GLSurfaceView就ok了:

    <FrameLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
        <org.yanzi.camera.preview.CameraGLSurfaceView
            android:id="@+id/camera_textureview"
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="0dip" />
    </FrameLayout>

CameraActivity里仅仅负责UI部分，CameraGLSurfaceView负责开Camera、预览。并调用DirectDrawer里的draw()进行绘制。其它代码就不上了。

注意事项:

1、在onDrawFrame()里，假设不调用mDirectDrawer.draw(mtx);是啥都显示不出来的！！。这是GLSurfaceView的特别之处。

为啥呢？由于GLSurfaceView不是Android亲生的，而Surfaceview和TextureView是。所以得自己依照OpenGL ES的流程画。

2、到底mDirectDrawer.draw(mtx)里在哪获取的Buffer眼下杂家还么看太明确。貌似么有请求buffer。而是依据GLSurfaceView里创建的SurfaceTexture之前，生成的有个纹理ID。这个纹理ID一方面跟SurfaceTexture是绑定在一起的，还有一方面跟DirectDrawer绑定，而SurfaceTexture作渲染载体。

3、參考链接里有,有人为了解决这个问题，给出了以下三段代码:

@Override
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl)
{
    float[] mtx = new float[16];
    mSurface.updateTexImage();
    mSurface.getTransformMatrix(mtx);    

    mDirectVideo.draw(mtx);
}

 private float[] transformTextureCoordinates( float[] coords, float[] matrix)
 {
    float[] result = new float[ coords.length ];
    float[] vt = new float[4];      

    for ( int i = 0 ; i < coords.length ; i += 2 ) {
        float[] v = { coords[i], coords[i+1], 0 , 1  };
        Matrix.multiplyMV(vt, 0, matrix, 0, v, 0);
        result[i] = vt[0];
        result[i+1] = vt[1];
    }
    return result;
 }

textureVerticesBuffer.clear();
textureVerticesBuffer.put( transformTextureCoordinates( textureVertices, mtx ));
textureVerticesBuffer.position(0);

我已经把代码都融入到了此demo，仅仅只是在draw()方法里么有使用。

原因是使用之后。得到的预览画面反而是变形的。而不用的话是ok的。上面的代码是得到SurfaceTexture的变换矩阵：mSurface.getTransformMatrix

然后将此矩阵传递给draw()。在draw的时候对textureVerticesBuffer作一个变化，然后再画。

下图是未加这个矩阵变换效果时:

下图为使用了变换矩阵，划片扭曲的还真说不上来咋扭曲的。但足以说明OpenGL ES在渲染效果上的强大，就是设置了个矩阵。不用一帧帧处理，就能得到不一样显示效果。

-----------------------------本文系原创。转载请注明作者yanzi1225627

版本号号:PlayCamera_V3.0.0[2014-6-22].zip

CSDN下载链接:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yanzi1225627/7547263

百度云盘:

附个OpenGL ES简明教程：http://www.apkbus.com/android-20427-1-1.html