C++编写Config类读取配置文件
老外写的一段代码,在Server中编写这个类读取配置文件比较实用
- //Config.h
- #pragma once
- #include <string>
- #include <map>
- #include <iostream>
- #include <fstream>
- #include <sstream>
- /*
- * \brief Generic configuration Class
- *
- */
- class Config {
- // Data
- protected:
- std::string m_Delimiter; //!< separator between key and value
- std::string m_Comment; //!< separator between value and comments
- std::map<std::string,std::string> m_Contents; //!< extracted keys and values
- typedef std::map<std::string,std::string>::iterator mapi;
- typedef std::map<std::string,std::string>::const_iterator mapci;
- // Methods
- public:
- Config( std::string filename,std::string delimiter = "=",std::string comment = "#" );
- Config();
- template<class T> T Read( const std::string& in_key ) const; //!<Search for key and read value or optional default value, call as read<T>
- template<class T> T Read( const std::string& in_key, const T& in_value ) const;
- template<class T> bool ReadInto( T& out_var, const std::string& in_key ) const;
- template<class T>
- bool ReadInto( T& out_var, const std::string& in_key, const T& in_value ) const;
- bool FileExist(std::string filename);
- void ReadFile(std::string filename,std::string delimiter = "=",std::string comment = "#" );
- // Check whether key exists in configuration
- bool KeyExists( const std::string& in_key ) const;
- // Modify keys and values
- template<class T> void Add( const std::string& in_key, const T& in_value );
- void Remove( const std::string& in_key );
- // Check or change configuration syntax
- std::string GetDelimiter() const { return m_Delimiter; }
- std::string GetComment() const { return m_Comment; }
- std::string SetDelimiter( const std::string& in_s )
- { std::string old = m_Delimiter; m_Delimiter = in_s; return old; }
- std::string SetComment( const std::string& in_s )
- { std::string old = m_Comment; m_Comment = in_s; return old; }
- // Write or read configuration
- friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const Config& cf );
- friend std::istream& operator>>( std::istream& is, Config& cf );
- protected:
- template<class T> static std::string T_as_string( const T& t );
- template<class T> static T string_as_T( const std::string& s );
- static void Trim( std::string& inout_s );
- // Exception types
- public:
- struct File_not_found {
- std::string filename;
- File_not_found( const std::string& filename_ = std::string() )
- : filename(filename_) {} };
- struct Key_not_found { // thrown only by T read(key) variant of read()
- std::string key;
- Key_not_found( const std::string& key_ = std::string() )
- : key(key_) {} };
- };
- /* static */
- template<class T>
- std::string Config::T_as_string( const T& t )
- {
- // Convert from a T to a string
- // Type T must support << operator
- std::ostringstream ost;
- ost << t;
- return ost.str();
- }
- /* static */
- template<class T>
- T Config::string_as_T( const std::string& s )
- {
- // Convert from a string to a T
- // Type T must support >> operator
- T t;
- std::istringstream ist(s);
- ist >> t;
- return t;
- }
- /* static */
- template<>
- inline std::string Config::string_as_T<std::string>( const std::string& s )
- {
- // Convert from a string to a string
- // In other words, do nothing
- return s;
- }
- /* static */
- template<>
- inline bool Config::string_as_T<bool>( const std::string& s )
- {
- // Convert from a string to a bool
- // Interpret "false", "F", "no", "n", "0" as false
- // Interpret "true", "T", "yes", "y", "1", "-1", or anything else as true
- bool b = true;
- std::string sup = s;
- for( std::string::iterator p = sup.begin(); p != sup.end(); ++p )
- *p = toupper(*p); // make string all caps
- if( sup==std::string("FALSE") || sup==std::string("F") ||
- sup==std::string("NO") || sup==std::string("N") ||
- sup==std::string("0") || sup==std::string("NONE") )
- b = false;
- return b;
- }
- template<class T>
- T Config::Read( const std::string& key ) const
- {
- // Read the value corresponding to key
- mapci p = m_Contents.find(key);
- if( p == m_Contents.end() ) throw Key_not_found(key);
- return string_as_T<T>( p->second );
- }
- template<class T>
- T Config::Read( const std::string& key, const T& value ) const
- {
- // Return the value corresponding to key or given default value
- // if key is not found
- mapci p = m_Contents.find(key);
- if( p == m_Contents.end() ) return value;
- return string_as_T<T>( p->second );
- }
- template<class T>
- bool Config::ReadInto( T& var, const std::string& key ) const
- {
- // Get the value corresponding to key and store in var
- // Return true if key is found
- // Otherwise leave var untouched
- mapci p = m_Contents.find(key);
- bool found = ( p != m_Contents.end() );
- if( found ) var = string_as_T<T>( p->second );
- return found;
- }
- template<class T>
- bool Config::ReadInto( T& var, const std::string& key, const T& value ) const
- {
- // Get the value corresponding to key and store in var
- // Return true if key is found
- // Otherwise set var to given default
- mapci p = m_Contents.find(key);
- bool found = ( p != m_Contents.end() );
- if( found )
- var = string_as_T<T>( p->second );
- else
- var = value;
- return found;
- }
- template<class T>
- void Config::Add( const std::string& in_key, const T& value )
- {
- // Add a key with given value
- std::string v = T_as_string( value );
- std::string key=in_key;
- trim(key);
- trim(v);
- m_Contents[key] = v;
- return;
- }
- // Config.cpp
- #include "Config.h"
- using namespace std;
- Config::Config( string filename, string delimiter,
- string comment )
- : m_Delimiter(delimiter), m_Comment(comment)
- {
- // Construct a Config, getting keys and values from given file
- std::ifstream in( filename.c_str() );
- if( !in ) throw File_not_found( filename );
- in >> (*this);
- }
- Config::Config()
- : m_Delimiter( string(1,'=') ), m_Comment( string(1,'#') )
- {
- // Construct a Config without a file; empty
- }
- bool Config::KeyExists( const string& key ) const
- {
- // Indicate whether key is found
- mapci p = m_Contents.find( key );
- return ( p != m_Contents.end() );
- }
- /* static */
- void Config::Trim( string& inout_s )
- {
- // Remove leading and trailing whitespace
- static const char whitespace[] = " \n\t\v\r\f";
- inout_s.erase( 0, inout_s.find_first_not_of(whitespace) );
- inout_s.erase( inout_s.find_last_not_of(whitespace) + 1U );
- }
- std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const Config& cf )
- {
- // Save a Config to os
- for( Config::mapci p = cf.m_Contents.begin();
- p != cf.m_Contents.end();
- ++p )
- {
- os << p->first << " " << cf.m_Delimiter << " ";
- os << p->second << std::endl;
- }
- return os;
- }
- void Config::Remove( const string& key )
- {
- // Remove key and its value
- m_Contents.erase( m_Contents.find( key ) );
- return;
- }
- std::istream& operator>>( std::istream& is, Config& cf )
- {
- // Load a Config from is
- // Read in keys and values, keeping internal whitespace
- typedef string::size_type pos;
- const string& delim = cf.m_Delimiter; // separator
- const string& comm = cf.m_Comment; // comment
- const pos skip = delim.length(); // length of separator
- string nextline = ""; // might need to read ahead to see where value ends
- while( is || nextline.length() > 0 )
- {
- // Read an entire line at a time
- string line;
- if( nextline.length() > 0 )
- {
- line = nextline; // we read ahead; use it now
- nextline = "";
- }
- else
- {
- std::getline( is, line );
- }
- // Ignore comments
- line = line.substr( 0, line.find(comm) );
- // Parse the line if it contains a delimiter
- pos delimPos = line.find( delim );
- if( delimPos < string::npos )
- {
- // Extract the key
- string key = line.substr( 0, delimPos );
- line.replace( 0, delimPos+skip, "" );
- // See if value continues on the next line
- // Stop at blank line, next line with a key, end of stream,
- // or end of file sentry
- bool terminate = false;
- while( !terminate && is )
- {
- std::getline( is, nextline );
- terminate = true;
- string nlcopy = nextline;
- Config::Trim(nlcopy);
- if( nlcopy == "" ) continue;
- nextline = nextline.substr( 0, nextline.find(comm) );
- if( nextline.find(delim) != string::npos )
- continue;
- nlcopy = nextline;
- Config::Trim(nlcopy);
- if( nlcopy != "" ) line += "\n";
- line += nextline;
- terminate = false;
- }
- // Store key and value
- Config::Trim(key);
- Config::Trim(line);
- cf.m_Contents[key] = line; // overwrites if key is repeated
- }
- }
- return is;
- }
- bool Config::FileExist(std::string filename)
- {
- bool exist= false;
- std::ifstream in( filename.c_str() );
- if( in )
- exist = true;
- return exist;
- }
- void Config::ReadFile( string filename, string delimiter,
- string comment )
- {
- m_Delimiter = delimiter;
- m_Comment = comment;
- std::ifstream in( filename.c_str() );
- if( !in ) throw File_not_found( filename );
- in >> (*this);
- }
- //main.cpp
- #include "Config.h"
- int main()
- {
- int port;
- std::string ipAddress;
- std::string username;
- std::string password;
- const char ConfigFile[]= "config.txt";
- Config configSettings(ConfigFile);
- port = configSettings.Read("port", 0);
- ipAddress = configSettings.Read("ipAddress", ipAddress);
- username = configSettings.Read("username", username);
- password = configSettings.Read("password", password);
- std::cout<<"port:"<<port<<std::endl;
- std::cout<<"ipAddress:"<<ipAddress<<std::endl;
- std::cout<<"username:"<<username<<std::endl;
- std::cout<<"password:"<<password<<std::endl;
- return 0;
- }
config.txt的文件内容:
ipAddress=10.10.90.125
port=3001
username=mark
password=2d2df5a
编译运行输出:
port:3001
ipAddress:10.10.90.125
username:mark
password:2d2df5a
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