[Python] 微信公众号开发 Python3

搭建服务

• 开通一个阿里云ecs，安装python3及需要的包（参考下方官方文档）
• 将py文件保存在ecs上，运行
• 在本地访问阿里云的IP地址
• 能完成这步说明网络没问题

server.py

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 # filename: server.py
 3 import web
 4
 5 urls = (
 6     '/wx', 'Handle',
 7 )
 8
 9 class Handle(object):
10     def GET(self):
11         return "hello, this is handle view"
12
13 if __name__ == '__main__':
14     app = web.application(urls, globals())
15     app.run()

公众号配置

• 注册公众号
• 验证token
• 官方文档是python2写的，不能直接用，python3代码如下

server.py

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 # filename: main.py
 3 import web
 4 from handle import Handle
 5
 6 urls = (
 7     '/wx', 'Handle',
 8 )
 9
10 if __name__ == '__main__':
11     app = web.application(urls, globals())
12     app.run()

handle.py

 1 import hashlib
 2 import web
 3
 4 class Handle(object):
 5     def GET(self):
 6         try:
 7             data = web.input()
 8             if len(data) == 0:
 9                 return "hello,this is handle view"
10             signature = data.signature
11             timestamp = data.timestamp
12             nonce = data.nonce
13             echostr = data.echostr
14             token = "hfxlcxc"
15
16             list = [token, timestamp, nonce]
17             list.sort()
18             sha1 = hashlib.sha1()
19             sha1.update(list[0].encode('utf-8'))
20             sha1.update(list[1].encode('utf-8'))
21             sha1.update(list[2].encode('utf-8'))
22             hashcode = sha1.hexdigest()
23
24             print("handle/GET func:hashcode, signature: ", hashcode, signature)
25             if hashcode == signature:
26                 return echostr
27             else:
28                 return ""
29         except (Exception,Argument):
30             return Argument

自动回复

• 调试接口
• 官方文档python里的xml中间有空格，虽然调试可以通过，但在微信里发消息不会自动回复

server.py

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 # filename: server.py
 3 import web
 4 from handle import Handle
 5
 6 urls = (
 7     '/wx', 'Handle',
 8 )
 9
10 if __name__ == '__main__':
11     app = web.application(urls, globals())
12     app.run()

handle.py

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#
 2 # filename: handle.py
 3
 4 import hashlib
 5 import web
 6 import receive
 7 import reply
 8
 9 class Handle(object):
10     def POST(self):
11         try:
12             webData = web.data()
13             print("Handle Post webdata is ",webData)
14             # 后台打印日志
15             recMsg = receive.parse_xml(webData)
16             if isinstance(recMsg, receive.Msg) and recMsg.MsgType == 'text':
17                 toUser = recMsg.FromUserName
18                 fromUser = recMsg.ToUserName
19                 content = "test!!"
20                 replyMsg = reply.TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
21                 return replyMsg.send()
22             else:
23                 print("暂不处理")
24                 return "success"
25         except (Exception,Argment):
26             return Argment

receive.py

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#
 2 # filename: receive.py
 3
 4 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 5
 6 def parse_xml(web_data):
 7     if len(web_data) == 0:
 8         return None
 9     xmlData = ET.fromstring(web_data)
10     msg_type = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
11     if msg_type == 'text':
12         return TextMsg(xmlData)
13     elif msg_type == 'image':
14         return ImageMsg(xmlData)
15
16 class Msg(object):
17     def __init__(self,xmlData):
18         self.ToUserName = xmlData.find('ToUserName').text
19         self.FromUserName = xmlData.find('FromUserName').text
20         self.CreateTime = xmlData.find('CreateTime').text
21         self.MsgType = xmlData.find('MsgType').text
22         self.MsgId = xmlData.find('MsgId').text
23
24 class TextMsg(Msg):
25     def __init__(self,xmlData):
26         Msg.__init__(self,xmlData)
27         self.Content = xmlData.find('Content').text.encode("utf-8")
28
29 class ImageMsg(Msg):
30     def __init__(self, xmlData):
31         Msg.__init__(self,xmlData)
32         self.PicUrl = xmlData.find('PicUrl').text
33         self.MediaId = xmlData.find('MediaId').text

reply.py

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#
 2 # filename: reply.py
 3 import time
 4
 5 class Msg(object):
 6     def __init__(self):
 7         pass
 8
 9     def send(self):
10         return "success"
11
12 class TextMsg(Msg):
13     def __init__(self, toUserName, fromUserName, content):
14         self.__dict = dict()
15         self.__dict['ToUserName'] = toUserName
16         self.__dict['FromUserName'] = fromUserName
17         self.__dict['CreateTime'] = int(time.time())
18         self.__dict['Content'] = content
19
20     def send(self):
21         XmlForm = """<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[{ToUserName}]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[{FromUserName}]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>{CreateTime}</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType><Content><![CDATA[{Content}]]></Content></xml>"""
22         return XmlForm.format(**self.__dict)
23
24 class ImageMsg(Msg):
25     def __init__(self, toUserName, fromUserName, mediaId):
26         self.__dict = dict()
27         self.__dict['ToUserName'] = toUserName
28         self.__dict['FromUserName'] = fromUserName
29         self.__dict['CreateTime'] = int(time.time())
30         self.__dict['MediaId'] = mediaId
31
32     def send(self):
33         XmlForm = """<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[{ToUserName}]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[{FromUserName}]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>{CreateTime}</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[image]]></MsgType><Image><MediaId><![CDATA[{MediaId}]]></MediaId></Image></xml>"""
34         return XmlForm.format(**self.__dict)

参考

官方文档

https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Getting_Started_Guide.html

w3c教程

https://www.w3cschool.cn/weixinkaifawendang/

token验证失败

https://www.cnblogs.com/roadwide/p/10566946.html

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39866513/article/details/83218731

获取access token

https://blog.csdn.net/wchenjt/article/details/96154504

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26626113/article/details/78251932

白名单

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1034608

接口调试

https://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/p/mp-weixin-debug.html

自动回复失败

http://www.alixixi.com/biancheng/a/2019022498588.shtml