rest-framework之APIView 序列化组件
rest-framework之APIView
一 安装djangorestframework
方式一：pip3 install djangorestframework
方式二：pycharm图形化界面安装
方式三：pycharm命令行下安装（装在当前工程所用的解释器下）
二 djangorestframework的APIView分析
- as_view 方法
@classmethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
"""
Store the original class on the view function.
This allows us to discover information about the view when we do URL
reverse lookups. Used for breadcrumb generation.
"""
if isinstance(getattr(cls, 'queryset', None), models.query.QuerySet):
def force_evaluation():
raise RuntimeError(
'Do not evaluate the `.queryset` attribute directly, '
'as the result will be cached and reused between requests. '
'Use `.all()` or call `.get_queryset()` instead.'
)
cls.queryset._fetch_all = force_evaluation
view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)
view.cls = cls
view.initkwargs = initkwargs
# Note: session based authentication is explicitly CSRF validated,
# all other authentication is CSRF exempt.
return csrf_exempt(view)
```
- dispatch 方法
``` python
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
`.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch,
but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling.
"""
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
self.request = request
self.headers = self.default_response_headers # deprecate?
try:
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
# Get the appropriate handler method
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
except Exception as exc:
response = self.handle_exception(exc)
self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
return self.response
```
- initialize_request 方法
``` python
def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Returns the initial request object.
"""
parser_context = self.get_parser_context(request)
return Request(
request,
parsers=self.get_parsers(),
authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),
negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),
parser_context=parser_context
)
```
- initial方法（内部调用认证，权限和频率）
``` python
def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler.
"""
self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)
# Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the request
neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request)
request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg
# Determine the API version, if versioning is in use.
version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs)
request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme
# Ensure that the incoming request is permitted
self.perform_authentication(request)
self.check_permissions(request)
self.check_throttles(request)
三 djangorestframework的Request对象简单介绍
序列化组件
序列化组件之 serializers.Serializer
- 导入:
from rest_framework import serializers
- 写一个类,(名字任意),继承
serializers.Serializer
class BookSer(serializers.Serializer):
nid=serializers.IntegerField()
name3=serializers.CharField(source='name')
price=serializers.CharField()
# publish_date = serializers.DateField()
publish_date = serializers.CharField()
# publish=serializers.CharField(source='publish.email')
publish=serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
#指定models内的方法
xxx=serializers.CharField(source='test')
# authors=serializers.CharField(source='authors.all')
# SerializerMethodField,可以写一个方法方法名叫：get_字段名字，方法返回值，会赋给authors 固定用法, get_字段名字
aa=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# def get_authors(self,obj):
# authors=obj.authors.all()
# # ll=[ author.name for author in authors]
# ll=[ {'name':author.name,'age':author.age} for author in authors]
# return ll
def get_aa(self, obj):
authors = obj.authors.all()
# ll=[ author.name for author in authors]
#可以继续去关联查询
ser=AuthorSer(authors,many=True)
return ser.data
class AuthorSer(serializers.Serializer):
id=serializers.IntegerField(source='nid')
age=serializers.CharField()
name=serializers.CharField()
models
class Book(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
publish =models.ForeignKey(to='Publish',
to_field='nid',
on_delete=models.CASCADE)
authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
def test(self):
return 'ttttttt'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
- 如果不指定
source,字段名,必须跟数据库列名一致.列名及数据库字段名称 source既可以指定数据属性,又可以指定方法属性,可以写（publish.name）- 使用:
1.查询出要序列化的数据: python books = models.Boos.object.all()
2.ret = myserial.BoosSer(books,many=True) 多条(queryset对象),必须指定many = True
3.ret = myserial.BoosSer(books,many=False) 多条(queryset对象),必须指定many = False
6. aa=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
- 必须配套一个方法(get_aa(self,obj)),方法返回结果,会赋值给aa
- 在方法内部,可以继续使用序列化组件
序列化组件之 serializers.ModelSerializer
用户同Serializer
不同点 : serializers.ModelSerializer 可以直接在views save存储.! serializers.Serializer 需要自己去写save方法
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
# 指定要序列号的表模型是book
model=models.Book
#查询所有的列
fields='__all__'
#也可以传列表,指定取几个
#fields=['name','authors','publish']
#除了nid都查
exclude=['nid']
#查询的深度,如果有关联的表,会自动关联查询,深度为1的所有数据
depth=1
#fields和exclude不能同时用
# depth指定深度，个人建议最多用3
序列化组件的局部校验 和 全局校验
- 局部校验 validate_ + '校验字段的名称'
name=serializers.CharField(error_messages={'required':'该字段必填'})
def validate_name(self,value):
if value.startswith('sb'):
raise ValidationError('不能以sb开头')
else:
return value
- 全局校验 def validate(self,value)
def validate(self,value):
print(type(value))
print(value)
name=value.get('name')
price=value.get('price')
if name!=price:
raise ValidationError('书名和价格不相等')
else:
return value
-参考过程-
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
# Create your views here.
import json
# def books(request):
#
# ll=[{'name':'python全站开发','price':20},{'name':'linux','price':30}]
#
# # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ll))
# return JsonResponse(ll,safe=False,json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii':False})
# 原声cbv执行流程---》as_view----》dispatch---》相应到具体的函数
# from django.views import View
# class Book(View):
# def get(self,reuquest):
# # reuquest.method
# return HttpResponse('get')
# def post(self,request):
# return HttpResponse('post')
from rest_framework.views import APIView
# class Book(APIView):
# def get(self,request):
# # 拿原来的request对象
# # request._request
# # print(request.method)
# # print(request._request.method)
# # request.POST
# # request.method
# return HttpResponse('get')
# def post(self,request):
# print(request.method)
# print(request._request.method)
# print(request.POST)
#
# # 用apiview之后，再取数据，从request.data
# print(request.data)
# return HttpResponse('post')
from app01 import models
# 序列化组建
# 第一种方式
# class Book(APIView):
# def get(self,request):
# response={'status':100,'msg':None}
# books=models.Book.objects.all()
# # ll=[]
# # for book in books:
# # ll.append({'name':book.name,''})
# ll=[ {'name':book.name,'price':book.price} for book in books]
# response['msg']='查询成功'
# response['data']=ll
# return JsonResponse(response,safe=False)
#
# # return HttpResponse('get')
# def post(self,request):
#
# return HttpResponse('post')
# 第二种方式,用django子自带序列化组件
from django.core import serializers
# class Book(APIView):
# def get(self,request):
# # response={'status':100,'msg':None}
# books = models.Book.objects.all()
# ret = serializers.serialize("json", books)
# return HttpResponse(ret)
#
# # return HttpResponse('get')
# def post(self,request):
#
# return HttpResponse('post')
# 第三种方式。drf的序列化组件
class MyResponse():
def __init__(self):
self.status = 100
self.msg = None
@property
def get_dic(self):
return self.__dict__
URls
url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view()),
url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/', views.BookDetail.as_view()),
# 视图类******
# 方式一
# from app01 import myserial
# class Book(APIView):
# queryset=models.Book.objects.all()
# serializer_class=myserial.BookSer
# def get(self,request):
# response=MyResponse()
# # 多条
# # books = models.Book.objects.all()
# # ret=myserial.BookSer(books,many=True)
# # 一条
# book = self.queryset
# # ret = myserial.BookSer(book, many=False)
# ret = self.serializer_class(instance=book, many=True)
# response.msg='查询成功'
# response.data=ret.data
# return JsonResponse(response.get_dic,safe=False)
#
# # return HttpResponse('get')
# def post(self,request):
# # print(request.data)
# ser=myserial.BookSer(data=request.data)
# if ser.is_valid():
# ser.save()
# return HttpResponse('成功')
# else:
# print(ser.errors)
#
# return JsonResponse(ser.errors)
#
# class BookDetail(APIView):
# def get(self,request,id):
# response=MyResponse()
# ret=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
# ser=myserial.BookSer(instance=ret,many=False)
# response.msg='查询成功'
# response.data=ser.data
# return JsonResponse(response.get_dic,safe=False)
#
# def put(self,request,id):
# # 修改
# response=MyResponse()
# book=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
# ser=myserial.BookSer(instance=book,data=request.data)
# if ser.is_valid():
# # 可以新增，可以修改
# ser.save()
# print(ser.data)
# print(type(ser.instance))
# response.msg='修改成功'
# response.data=ser.data
#
# else:
# response.msg = '修改失败'
# response.status = 101
# response.data=ser.errors
# return JsonResponse(response.get_dic,safe=False)
#
# def delete(self,request,id):
# ret=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
# return HttpResponse('删除成功')
# 方式二
# from app01 import myserial
#
# from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,ListModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin
# from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
#
# class Book(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):
# queryset=models.Book.objects.all()
# serializer_class=myserial.BookSer
# def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
# return self.list(self,request,*args, **kwargs)
#
# # return HttpResponse('get')
# def post(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
# return self.create(request,*args, **kwargs)
#
# class BookDetail(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin):
# queryset=models.Book
# serializer_class=myserial.BookSer
# def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
#
# def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
# # 修改
# return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
#
#
# def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
# return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)
# class Author(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin):
# queryset=models.Author.objects.all()
# serializer_class=myserial.AuthorSer
# def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
# return self.list(self,request,*args, **kwargs)
-----
# 第三种方式
URLS
url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})),
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
# class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
# queryset=models.Book.objects.all()
# serializer_class=myserial.BookSer
#
# class BookDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
# queryset=models.Book.objects.all()
# serializer_class=myserial.BookSer
___
# 第四种
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
# class BookView(ModelViewSet):
# queryset=models.Book.objects.all()
# serializer_class=myserial.BookSer
#
# class AuthorView(ModelViewSet):
# queryset=models.Author.objects.all()
# serializer_class=myserial.AuthorSer
----
URLS
url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'get_all'})),
url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'get_one'})),
# 项目中用的最多
# from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
# class BookView(ViewSetMixin,APIView):
#
# def get_all(self,request):
# return HttpResponse('返回所有')
# def get_one(self,request,pk):
# return HttpResponse('返回一条')
# from app01 import myserial
# class List():
# def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# response=MyResponse()
# # 多条
# # books = models.Book.objects.all()
# # ret=myserial.BookSer(books,many=True)
# # 一条
# book = models.Book.objects.all()
# # ret = myserial.BookSer(book, many=False)
# ret = self.serializer_class(instance=book, many=True)
# response.msg='查询成功'
# response.data=ret.data
# return JsonResponse(response.get_dic,safe=False)
#
re_path('students/$', views.Stu.as_view({'get':'get_all'})),
re_path('students/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.StuDetail.as_view({'get':'get_one'})),
class Stu(ViewSetMixin,APIView):
def get_all(self,request):
response = MyResponse()
strs = models.Student.objects.all()
ret = myserial.StrSer(instance=strs,many=True)
response.msg = '查询成功'
response.data = ret.data
return JsonResponse(response.get_dic,safe=False)
class StuDetail(ViewSetMixin,APIView):
def get_one(self,request,pk):
response = MyResponse()
strs = models.Student.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ret = myserial.StrSer(instance=strs,many=False)
response.msg = '查询成功'
response.data = ret.data
return JsonResponse(response.get_dic,safe=False)
rest-framework之APIView 序列化组件的更多相关文章
- 基于Django的Rest Framework框架的序列化组件
本文目录 一 Django自带序列化组件 二 rest-framework序列化之Serializer 三 rest-framework序列化之ModelSerializer 四 生成hypermed ...
- rest-framework框架——APIView和序列化组件
一.快速实例 Quickstart http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8719520.html restful协议 ---- 一切皆是资源,操作只是 ...
- [Django REST framework - 序列化组件、source、钩子函数]
[Django REST framework - 序列化组件.source.钩子函数] 序列化器-Serializer 什么是rest_framework序列化? 在写前后端不分离的项目时: 我们有f ...
- Restful framework【第三篇】序列化组件
基本使用 -序列化 -对象,转成json格式 用drf的序列化组件 -定义一个类继承class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer): -写字段,如果不指定so ...
- restful framework之序列化组件
一.Django自带序列化组件 from django.core import serializers def test(request): book_list = Book.objects.all( ...
- django rest framework 序列化组件总结
序列化组件总结 一. 序列化组件本质上为了实现前后端分离,而进行json序列化的一个组件形式,极大方便了解析数据的作用 二. 所有序列化是基于APIView 解析器实现的,通过内部的多继承关系方便实现 ...
- 2 APIView与序列化组件
1.入门 1.1 参考blog 官方文档:http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/#quickstart yuan的Blog: ...
- Rest Framework：序列化组件
Django内置的serializers(把对象序列化成json字符串 from django.core import serializers def test(request): book_list ...
- cvb源码分析,resful规范,drf,drf序列化组件,95
1 CBV的源码分析 -Class Base View(基于类的视图) -Function Base View(基于函数的视图) -def as_view 类方法 -def view:类方法内部,闭包 ...
随机推荐
- 微信小程序开发之搞懂flex布局3——Flex Item
Flex Item flex容器的子元素就是这个容器的flex item. The direct children of a Flex Container (elements with display ...
- linux下部署tomcat 上线jpress博客系统
tomcat Tomcat服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器. tomcat有三个端口 开始部署 安装tomcat 第一步:下载tomcat 安装包 tomcat官网 ...
- eclipse下Spring环境构建及插件
首先获取spring tool suite插件 获取地址http://spring.io/tools/sts/ 然后打开eclipse选择菜单栏Help下Install new software添加我 ...
- Windows多线程学习随笔
自学Windows多线程知识,例程如下: #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include <process.h> ...
- 基于面向方面和UML的实时系统建模研究
一.基本信息 标题:基于面向方面和UML的实时系统建模研究 时间:2010 出版源:计算机技术与发展 领域分类:面向方向:实时系统:横切关注点:统一建模语言: 二.研究背景 问题定义:实时系统建模研究 ...
- Appium日志乱码终结指北
缘起 最近Android,IOS自动化多开群控都搞好了,但是Appium中的log 显示中文乱码问题像个苍蝇一样,看着感觉特别难受,挥之不去,抚之不平.论坛搜索了一下,很多帖子都反映过这个问题,但是都 ...
- prim最小生成树
prim和DIjkstra相似,都使用了贪心策略,加一些限制条件. prim每次会找出尽量小的那个边,将其加入到树中,最终使得生成树长大. 树中有n-1个节点时或者剩下的所有边都是INF,算法结束. ...
- DevOps最佳工具集实践
在列出DevOps 工具链之前,介绍一下什么是DevOps,虽然DevOps这个概念现在还没有标准的定义,但我们可以追溯一下其过去九年的历史发展过程(从2009年-2017年),列出几个相对明确又有所 ...
- Ubuntu允许root远程登录配置
1.背景 近期在本地的虚拟机VMware上安装了Ubuntu Server 17.04,由于系统是无界面的,所有操作都需要通过Linux命令进行操作.后来不想直接在服务器上操作,想通过远程工具Xshe ...
- Redlock：Redis分布式锁最牛逼的实现
普通实现 说道Redis分布式锁大部分人都会想到:setnx+lua,或者知道set key value px milliseconds nx.后一种方式的核心实现命令如下: - 获取锁(unique ...