[leetcode]Median of Two Sorted Arrays @ Python
原题地址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/median-of-two-sorted-arrays/
题意:There are two sorted arrays A and B of size m and n respectively. Find the median of the two sorted arrays. The overall run time complexity should be O(log (m+n)).
解题思路:这道题要求两个已经排好序的数列的中位数。中位数的定义:如果数列有偶数个数,那么中位数为中间两个数的平均值;如果数列有奇数个数,那么中位数为中间的那个数。比如{1,2,3,4,5}的中位数为3。{1,2,3,4,5,6}的中位数为(3+4)/ 2 = 3.5。那么这题最直接的思路就是将两个数列合并在一起,然后排序,然后找到中位数就行了。可是这样最快也要O((m+n)log(m+n))的时间复杂度,而题目要求O(log(m+n))的时间复杂度。这道题其实考察的是二分查找,是《算法导论》的一道课后习题,难度还是比较大的。
首先我们来看如何找到两个数列的第k小个数,即程序中getKth(A, B , k)函数的实现。用一个例子来说明这个问题:A = {1,3,5,7};B = {2,4,6,8,9,10};如果要求第7个小的数,A数列的元素个数为4,B数列的元素个数为6;k/2 = 7/2 = 3,而A中的第3个数A[2]=5;B中的第3个数B[2]=6;而A[2]<B[2];则A[0],A[1],A[2]中必然不可能有第7个小的数。因为A[2]<B[2],所以比A[2]小的数最多可能为A[0], A[1], B[0], B[1]这四个数,也就是说A[2]最多可能是第5个大的数,由于我们要求的是getKth(A, B, 7);现在就变成了求getKth(A', B, 4);即A' = {7};B不变,求这两个数列的第4个小的数,因为A[0],A[1],A[2]中没有解,所以我们直接删掉它们就可以了。这个可以使用递归来实现。
代码:
class Solution:
# @return a float
# @line20 must multiply 0.5 for return a float else it will return an int
def getKth(self, A, B, k):
lenA = len(A); lenB = len(B)
if lenA > lenB: return self.getKth(B, A, k)
if lenA == 0: return B[k - 1]
if k == 1: return min(A[0], B[0])
pa = min(k/2, lenA); pb = k - pa
if A[pa - 1] <= B[pb - 1]:
return self.getKth(A[pa:], B, pb)
else:
return self.getKth(A, B[pb:], pa) def findMedianSortedArrays(self, A, B):
lenA = len(A); lenB = len(B)
if (lenA + lenB) % 2 == 1:
return self.getKth(A, B, (lenA + lenB)/2 + 1)
else:
return (self.getKth(A, B, (lenA + lenB)/2) + self.getKth(A, B, (lenA + lenB)/2 + 1)) * 0.5
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