ldap配置系列一：ldap的安装

ldap的安装

ldap的简介

LDAP是轻量目录访问协议，英文全称是Lightweight Directory Access Protocol，一般都简称为LDAP。它是基于X.500标准的，但是简单多了并且可以根据需要定制。与X.500不同，LDAP支持TCP/IP，这对访问Internet是必须的。LDAP的核心规范在RFC中都有定义，所有与LDAP相关的RFC都可以在LDAPman RFC网页中找到。

选择一个域名

我个人的域名为linuxpanda.tech，我给ldap服务配置一个域名为ldap.aibeike.com。通过dns解析添加一个A记录值为我自己的ldap服务器的外网ip。

测试域名正确性。

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# ping -c  ldap.linuxpanda.tech
PING ldap.linuxpanda.tech (39.106.157.220) () bytes of data.
 bytes from 39.106.157.220 (39.106.157.220): icmp_seq= ttl= time=3.40 ms
 bytes from 39.106.157.220 (39.106.157.220): icmp_seq= ttl= time=3.37 ms

--- ldap.linuxpanda.tech ping statistics ---
 packets transmitted,  received, % packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.370/3.385/3.401/0.060 ms

安装openldap服务端

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# yum install openldap-servers openldap-clients -y ^C
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example  /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# chown -R ldap.ldap /var/lib/ldap
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl enable slapd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/slapd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/slapd.service.
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl start slapd
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl status slapd

设置ldap的管理员用户的密码

# 设置ldap的管理员密码，用户名为root
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# slappasswd
New password:
Re-enter new password:
{SSHA}6qygfSS2fBqjb0KhiaPo21btIt9+8EbL

# 创建ldif文件
[root@VM_0_15_centos ldap]# cd /etc/openldap/
[root@VM_0_15_centos openldap]# mkdir myself
[root@VM_0_15_centos openldap]# cd myself/
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# vim chrootpw.ldif
dn: olcDatabase={}config,cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcRootPW
olcRootPW: {SSHA}6qygfSS2fBqjb0KhiaPo21btIt9+8EbL

# 根据文件导入
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chrootpw.ldif
SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=+uidNumber=,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF:
modifying entry "olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config"

添加基础的schema

ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.ldif
ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/nis.ldif
ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif

设置根域和数据库超级管理员

这里的根域和上面提到的linuxpanda.tech不是一回事，我们这里为了和自身域名还是保持一致好些，设置为dc=linuxpanda.tech,dc=com。

这里的数据库管理员和上面的超级管理员也不是一回事，为了方便，我们还是使用上面的管理员密码来设置数据库库的密码。

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# vim domain-dbadmin.ldif

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# cat domain-dbadmin.ldif
dn: olcDatabase={}monitor,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcAccess
olcAccess: {}to *
  by dn.base="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" read
  by dn.base="cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech" read
  by * none

dn: olcDatabase={}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcSuffix
olcSuffix: dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech

dn: olcDatabase={}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcRootDN
olcRootDN: cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech

dn: olcDatabase={}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcRootPW
olcRootPW: {SSHA}6qygfSS2fBqjb0KhiaPo21btIt9+8EbL

dn: olcDatabase={}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcAccess
olcAccess: {}to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange
  by dn="cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech" write
  by anonymous auth
  by self write
  by * none
olcAccess: {}to dn.base=""
  by * read
olcAccess: {}to *
  by dn="cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech" write
  by * read

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# ldapadd  -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f domain-dbadmin.ldif

创建基本的用户节点，组节点，数据库管理员

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# vim basedomain.ldif

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# cat basedomain.ldif
dn: dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectclass: organization
o: Example Inc.
dc: linuxpanda

dn: ou=people,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: user

dn: ou=group,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: group

dn: cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech
objectClass: organizationalRole
cn: admin
description: Directory Administrator

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# ldapadd  -x -D cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech -W -f basedomain.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
adding new entry "dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech"

adding new entry "ou=people,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech"

adding new entry "ou=group,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech"

adding new entry "cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech"

防火墙设置

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ldap
success
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

配置日志

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# vim log.ldif

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# cat log.ldif
dn: cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcLogLevel
olcLogLevel:      

"log.ldif" [New] 4L, 66C written
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f log.ldif
SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=+uidNumber=,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF:
modifying entry "cn=config"

[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# mkdir -p /var/log/slapd
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# chown ldap:ldap /var/log/slapd/
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# echo "local4.* /var/log/slapd/slapd.log" >> /etc/rsyslog.conf
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# systemctl restart rsyslog
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# systemctl restart slapd
[root@VM_0_15_centos myself]# tail -n  /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
Sep   :: VM_0_15_centos slapd[]: => test_filter
Sep   :: VM_0_15_centos slapd[]:    PRESENT
Sep   :: VM_0_15_centos slapd[]: <= test_filter
Sep   :: VM_0_15_centos slapd[]: slapd starting

使用工具连接

有些人喜欢安装套ldap环境来管理ldap用户， 我这里使用ldapadmin.exe来管理。下载地址为：

连接信息如下：

主界面如下：

这里强烈建议给每个用户配置邮箱。

添加用户或者测试组

常用查询命令

# 查询主域下的信息
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# ldapsearch  -LLL -w oracle  oracle -x -H ldap://58.87.98.84 -D"cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech" -b "dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech"
dn: dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech

dn: ou=people,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech

dn: ou=group,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech

dn: cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech

dn: uid=test01,ou=people,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech

# 查询people组下面的uid=test01的用户
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# ldapsearch  -LLL -w oracle  oracle -x -H ldap://58.87.98.84 -D"cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech" -b "ou=people,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech" "(uid=test01)"
dn: ou=people,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech

dn: uid=test01,ou=people,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech
# 备份
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# ldapsearch  -LLL -w oracle  oracle -x -H ldap://58.87.98.84 -D"cn=admin,dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech" -b "dc=linuxpanda,dc=tech" "(uid=test01)" >linuxpanda.tech.ldap.bak

参考

李广慧： https://www.jianshu.com/p/dc7112873e68

ldap-how-to: https://www.itzgeek.com/how-tos/linux/centos-how-tos/step-step-openldap-server-configuration-centos-7-rhel-7.html

wiki： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol