kubernetes学习14—Dashboard搭建和认证

一、介绍

　　Kubernetes Dashboard是Kubernetes集群的基于Web的通用UI。它允许用户管理在群集中运行的应用程序并对其进行故障排除，以及管理群集本身。

二、搭建dashboard

1、编写yaml文件

借鉴GitHub，修改了image的下载地址和pod的一些配置

[root@master ~]# vim dashboard.yaml

# Filename: dashboard.yaml

# Revision: 1.0

# Date: 2018/10/18

# Author: along

# Description: Build kubernetes dashboard

# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1

kind: Secret

metadata:

  labels:

    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

  namespace: kube-system

type: Opaque

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

  labels:

    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  name: kubernetes-dashboard

  namespace: kube-system

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #

kind: Role

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

metadata:

  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal

  namespace: kube-system

rules:

  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.

- apiGroups: [""]

  resources: ["secrets"]

  verbs: ["create"]

  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.

- apiGroups: [""]

  resources: ["configmaps"]

  verbs: ["create"]

  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.

- apiGroups: [""]

  resources: ["secrets"]

  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]

  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]

  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.

- apiGroups: [""]

  resources: ["configmaps"]

  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]

  verbs: ["get", "update"]

  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.

- apiGroups: [""]

  resources: ["services"]

  resourceNames: ["heapster"]

  verbs: ["proxy"]

- apiGroups: [""]

  resources: ["services/proxy"]

  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]

  verbs: ["get"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: RoleBinding

metadata:

  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal

  namespace: kube-system

roleRef:

  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

  kind: Role

  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

  name: kubernetes-dashboard

  namespace: kube-system

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #

kind: Deployment

apiVersion: apps/v1beta2

metadata:

  labels:

    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  name: kubernetes-dashboard

  namespace: kube-system

spec:

  replicas: 1

  revisionHistoryLimit: 10

  selector:

    matchLabels:

      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  template:

    metadata:

      labels:

        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

    spec:

      containers:

      - name: kubernetes-dashboard

        image: mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0

        ports:

        - containerPort: 8443

          protocol: TCP

        args:

          - --auto-generate-certificates

          # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host

          # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect

          # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.

          # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port

        volumeMounts:

        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

          mountPath: /certs

          # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs

        - mountPath: /tmp

          name: tmp-volume

        livenessProbe:

          httpGet:

            scheme: HTTPS

            path: /

            port: 8443

          initialDelaySeconds: 30

          timeoutSeconds: 30

      volumes:

      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

        secret:

          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

      - name: tmp-volume

        emptyDir: {}

      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard

      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master

      tolerations:

      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master

        effect: NoSchedule

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service

apiVersion: v1

metadata:

  labels:

    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  name: kubernetes-dashboard

  namespace: kube-system

spec:

  type: NodePort

  ports:

    - port: 443

      targetPort: 8443

      nodePort: 30000

  selector:

    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

2、apply yaml文件，搭建dashboard

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml

secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created

serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created

role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created

rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created

deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created

service/kubernetes-dashboard created

3、查看验证

（1）pod已经创建成功

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system |grep dashboard

kubernetes-dashboard-68bf55748d-4zzph 1/1 Running 0 2m

（2）service也已经创建成功，并且有映射端口，此时已经可以登录了，但是无法登录，因为没有认证

[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system

NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE

kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.97.55.246 <none> 443:30000/TCP 2m

三、dashboard与kubernetes集群的认证，方案一：令牌认证

（1）有两种认证方法：

　　口令

　　kubeconfig

（2）并且在认证的时候，还可以管理限制dashboard用户的权限；为了让大家进一步理解：

　　在方案一：口令认证时，dashboard用户的权限设为对所有名称空间都有admin的权限；

　　在方案二：kubeconfig认证时，dashboard用户的权限设为只对default名称空间有admin权限；

1、授权，对所有名称空间都有admin的权限

（1）创建serviceaccount

[root@master ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-serviceaccount -n kube-system

serviceaccount/dashboard-serviceaccount created

（2）创建clusterrolebinding

　　使用clusterrolebinding绑定cluster-admin的clusterrole和dashboard-serviceaccount的serviceaccount，这样dashboard-serviceaccount的serviceaccount就在所有名称空间有了kubernetes的admin权限

[root@master ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-serviceaccount

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-cluster-admin created

2、获取令牌

（1）在secret中查找dashboard-serviceaccount

[root@master ~]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system |grep dashboard-serviceaccount-token

dashboard-serviceaccount-token-nz7xd kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 4m

（2）查看dashboard-serviceaccount中的口令

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-serviceaccount-token-nz7xd -n kube-system

Name:         dashboard-serviceaccount-token-nz7xd

Namespace:    kube-system

Labels:       <none>

Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name=dashboard-serviceaccount

              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=2af6061f-d1f0-11e8--

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data

====

ca.crt:      bytes

namespace:   bytes

token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.BAJVarqum57S_KepqOgcS1IimNEmDilhu4tIiWQKxaz0o5TKyXBZ5YqN3ZS5tJNQbLvDS6LuRRXdvH-MeKQnUpg08OhYDg1u9XE3Oygr7YF5Ad7yBw4czpPPN6iIJZ5qQJ8laOfPRb8qYVbR0R4MONin08lhzrkLBkRLwhAVJ_6zXXB9vaJLU9asTyA4YmDAZZi06zkYeeO8Rhqr2-Yeu4Ya7miLYVRv_ioqDlkqGEf6ILUriPjeJHohIEbgdslRXTnxgwkt2Uwsv3QRFKF2CisSBSW7P-9muuCrzSb2xQVop7WbAUyROdUuqQFmSON2UC0643e_iEW5DBaAAGQxbw

3、网页通过令牌登录

（1）使用https协议打开https://192.168.130.103:30000（任意节点的IP都可以）

输入dashboard-serviceaccount的口令

（2）打开成功，并且对所有名称空间都有admin权限

四、dashboard与kubernetes集群的认证，方案二：configing认证

1、授权，只对default名称空间有admin的权限

（1）创建serviceaccount

[root@master ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount def-ns-dashboard-sa -n default

serviceaccount/def-ns-dashboard-sa created

（2）创建rolebinding

使用rolebinding绑定cluster-admin的clusterrole和def-ns-dashboard的serviceaccount，这样def-ns-dashboard的serviceaccount就只有default这一个名称空间的admin权限

[root@master ~]# kubectl create rolebinding def-ns-dashboard-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=default:def-ns-dashboard-sa

rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/def-ns-dashboard-rb created

2、获取令牌

（1）在secret中查找def-ns-dashboard-sa

[root@master ~]# kubectl get secret

NAME TYPE DATA AGE

def-ns-dashboard-sa-token-b8plm kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 1m

（2）查看def-ns-dashboard-sa中的口令

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe secret def-ns-dashboard-sa-token-b8plm

Name:         def-ns-dashboard-sa-token-b8plm

Namespace:    default

Labels:       <none>

Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name=def-ns-dashboard-sa

              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=8b040303-d287-11e8-be88-

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data

====

ca.crt:      bytes

namespace:   bytes

token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.VqAgyqN8_F4mjawWtZ5TzvFioKA50u4MUL_4ypBxWrr-XU8TciM8EX1OcGm9vAjUW_m5QZangS7VW3rVYPcqKMqaYKE8vN-l9wTC5CzTnxPHMghTx8sTTkPWnqHt7C7v8cVRNfeRAWygWMp1B8Chx5pAK2l9t095uZy_w59qFQdoAKeAcxiH5K6kz9sx8VwEXVr9nRH8bFqvtr3yXCdYo2e2qSQXOpNddlyrEOYXrIUlamNyImgcbfkNLV0Qkt5sdfSLSJdaB2opLWD8pST88m73r6KG2c_aMmyZ7mTCUeNd1BwCOnLSto4V2xPXCtHA6ELvB5afh9irpCj4e5VgPw

3、定义一个kubeconfig认证文件

（1）在一个新的kubeconfig文件下，创建一个集群dashboard

[root@master ~]# kubectl config set-cluster dashboard --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --server="https://192.168.130.103:6443" --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-dashboard.conf

Cluster "dashboard" set.

/root/def-ns-dashboard.conf 文件已经生成

[root@master ~]# ll /root/def-ns-dashboard.conf

-rw------- 1 root root 1568 Oct 18 13:36 /root/def-ns-dashboard.conf

（2）使用def-ns-dashboard-sa的serviceaccount，创建一个用户def-ns-dashboard-user

[root@master ~]# kubectl config set-credentials def-ns-dashboard-user --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-dashboard.conf --token=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.VqAgyqN8_F4mjawWtZ5TzvFioKA50u4MUL_4ypBxWrr-XU8TciM8EX1OcGm9vAjUW_m5QZangS7VW3rVYPcqKMqaYKE8vN-l9wTC5CzTnxPHMghTx8sTTkPWnqHt7C7v8cVRNfeRAWygWMp1B8Chx5pAK2l9t095uZy_w59qFQdoAKeAcxiH5K6kz9sx8VwEXVr9nRH8bFqvtr3yXCdYo2e2qSQXOpNddlyrEOYXrIUlamNyImgcbfkNLV0Qkt5sdfSLSJdaB2opLWD8pST88m73r6KG2c_aMmyZ7mTCUeNd1BwCOnLSto4V2xPXCtHA6ELvB5afh9irpCj4e5VgPw

User "def-ns-dashboard-user" set.

（3）在这个kubeconfig文件下，创建一个上下文关系def-ns-dashboard-user@dashboard

[root@master ~]# kubectl config set-context def-ns-dashboard-user@dashboard --cluster=dashboard --user=def-ns-dashboard-user --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-dashboard.conf

Context "def-ns-dashboard-user@dashboard" created.

（4）在这个kubeconfig文件下，使用def-ns-dashboard-user@dashboard这个上下文关系

[root@master ~]# kubectl config use-context def-ns-dashboard-user@dashboard --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-dashboard.conf

Switched to context "def-ns-dashboard-user@dashboard".

（5）通过view查看验证

[root@master ~]# kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-dashboard.conf

apiVersion: v1

clusters:

- cluster:

certificate-authority-data: REDACTED

server: https://192.168.130.103:6443

name: dashboard

contexts:

- context:

cluster: dashboard

user: def-ns-dashboard-user

name: def-ns-dashboard-user@dashboard

current-context: def-ns-dashboard-user@dashboard

kind: Config

preferences: {}

users:

- name: def-ns-dashboard-user

user:

token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.VqAgyqN8_F4mjawWtZ5TzvFioKA50u4MUL_4ypBxWrr-XU8TciM8EX1OcGm9vAjUW_m5QZangS7VW3rVYPcqKMqaYKE8vN-l9wTC5CzTnxPHMghTx8sTTkPWnqHt7C7v8cVRNfeRAWygWMp1B8Chx5pAK2l9t095uZy_w59qFQdoAKeAcxiH5K6kz9sx8VwEXVr9nRH8bFqvtr3yXCdYo2e2qSQXOpNddlyrEOYXrIUlamNyImgcbfkNLV0Qkt5sdfSLSJdaB2opLWD8pST88m73r6KG2c_aMmyZ7mTCUeNd1BwCOnLSto4V2xPXCtHA6ELvB5afh9irpCj4e5VgPw

4、网页通过kubeconfig登录

（1）将/root/def-ns-dashboard.conf 文件上传到windows机器上，把/root/def-ns-dashboard.conf这个kubeconfig文件导入到登录时的页面，就可以成功登录

（2）登录成功，但是只有default这个名称空间的admin权限

至此，我们已经成功搭建了dashboard；并且完成了对K8S集群的认证；

我们可以通过dashboard创建和管理Pod、service、存储卷... ... 这里就不再演示了。