Linux 上安装 PostgreSQL

打开 PostgreSQL 官网 https://www.postgresql.org/，点击菜单栏上的 Download ，可以看到这里包含了很多平台的安装包，包括 Linux、Windows、Mac OS等 。

Linux 我们可以看到支持 Ubuntu 和 Red Hat 等各个平台，点击具体的平台链接，即可查看安装方法：

经过上述的选择，得到的安装步骤如下：

# Install the repository RPM:
yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

# Install PostgreSQL:
yum install postgresql12-server

# Optionally initialize the database and enable automatic start:
/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb
systemctl enable postgresql-12
systemctl start postgresql-12

启动后默认监听的地址是：127.0.0.1，端口是5432

[root@docker ~]# systemctl start postgresql-12

[root@docker ~]# systemctl status postgresql-12
● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-07-27 11:42:02 CST; 6s ago
     Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/
  Process: 1628 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1635 (postmaster)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service
           ├─1635 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/
           ├─1637 postgres: logger
           ├─1639 postgres: checkpointer
           ├─1640 postgres: background writer
           ├─1641 postgres: walwriter
           ├─1642 postgres: autovacuum launcher
           ├─1643 postgres: stats collector
           └─1644 postgres: logical replication launcher   

Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.505 CST [1635] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 12.3 on x86_64-pc-linux-g... 64-bit
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.506 CST [1635] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.506 CST [1635] LOG:  could not bind IPv6 address "::1": Cannot ass...address
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.506 CST [1635] HINT:  Is another postmaster already running on por... retry.
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.507 CST [1635] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql...L.5432"
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.508 CST [1635] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.516 CST [1635] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.516 CST [1635] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

[root@docker ~]# ss -tulnp | grep 5432
tcp    LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:5432                  *:*                   users:(("postmaster",pid=1635,fd=3))

安装完毕后，系统会创建一个数据库超级用户 postgres，密码为空。

[root@docker ~]# su - postgres

使用以下命令进入 postgres，输出以下信息，说明安装成功：

[root@docker ~]# su - postgres
-bash-4.2$ psql
psql (12.3)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#

输入以下命令退出 PostgreSQL 提示符

postgres=# \q
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout

相关命令

systemctl enable postgresql-12
systemctl start postgresql-12
systemctl stop postgresql-12
systemctl status postgresql-12
systemctl restart postgresql-12

相关文件路径：

主程序路径：/usr/pgsql-12/bin/

配置文件路径：/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/

日志文件路径：/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/log