上节提到过，REST框架分别提供了对函数和类的装饰器，之前已经都是通过函数来写视图函数的，现在来尝试使用class 类来实现视图函数

使用基于类编写API视图，允许重用常用的功能，减少代码重复。

一、REST框架基于类实现API

根据之前的函数视图重写基于类的视图，只涉及到了重构views.py

# 第三种 类视图

from django.http import Http404

from test_app import serializer

from test_app import models

from rest_framework import views    # views.APIView 为类的装饰器

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import status    

class Game_List(views.APIView):

    def get(self, request, format=None):

        games_obj = models.Game.objects.all()

        games_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=games_obj, many=True)

        return Response(games_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    def post(self, reqeust, format=None):

        data = reqeust.data

        game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(data=data)

        if game_serializer.is_valid():

            game_serializer.save()

            return Response(game_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

        return Response(game_serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

现在看起来和之前类似，但在不同的HTTP方式之间有更好的分离，继续编写更新实例视图

class Game_Info(views.APIView):

    def get_obj(self, game_id):

        try:

            return models.Game.objects.get(id=game_id)

        except models.Game.DoesNotExist as not_exist:

            raise Http404

    def get(self, reqeust, game_id, format=None):   # 函数视图和类函数都可以使用路由系统传递过来的未命名分组数据

        game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=self.get_obj(game_id))

        return Response(game_serializer.data)

    def put(self, request, game_id, format=None):

        game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=self.get_obj(game_id), data=request.data)

        if game_serializer.is_valid():

            game_serializer.save()

            return Response(game_serializer.data)

        return Response(game_serializer.errors)

    def delete(self, request, game_id, format=None):

        self.get_obj(game_id).delete()

        return Response(status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

二、使用mixins类实现视图函数

下面来使用REST框架的mixins类中实现

# 第四种 mixin类视图

from test_app import serializer

from test_app import models

from rest_framework import mixins

from rest_framework import generics

class Game_List(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):

    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()

    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

基类提供核心功能，而mixin类提供.list()和.create()操作。然后，我们将明确的绑定get和post方法绑定到适当的操作。到目前为止足够简单的东西

class Game_Info(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):

    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()

    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print(request,args,kwargs)

        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

同样，我们正在使用的GenericAPIView类来提供核心功能，并混入增加提供.retrieve()，.update()和.destroy()方法。

三、使用泛型类视图

# 第五种 泛型类视图

from test_app import serializer

from test_app import models

from rest_framework import generics

class Game_List(generics.ListCreateAPIView):

    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()

    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

class Game_Info(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):

    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()

    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

汇总：

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt  # 忽略post请求时的csrf问题

from test_app import serializer

from test_app import models

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer  # restful提供的序列化类

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser  # restful提供的反序列化类

# Create your views here.

# # 第一种函数视图

# @csrf_exempt

# def game_list(request):

#     if request.method == 'GET':

#         print(request.data)

#         game = models.Game.objects.all()  # 获取数据库中所有数据

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game,

#                                                          many=True)  # 通过自定义的serializer实例化数据，many参数为True表示处理多条数据

#         # return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.data), status=200)  # 序列化serializer实例的数据

#         return JsonResponse(game_serializer.data,safe=False)

#     elif request.method == 'POST':

#         data = JSONParser().parse(request)  # 通过JsonParser类反序列化POST过来的数据

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(data=data)  # 通过反序列化后的数据创建serializer实例

#         print(game_serializer)

#         if game_serializer.is_valid():  # 通过is_valid()方法判断数据类型是否正确，这点和Django的From相似

#             game_serializer.save()  # 验证通过保存数据，这里的game_serializer是自定义serializer的create函数返回的对象，进行保存

#             # return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.data))  # 序列化数据返回前端

#             return JsonResponse(game_serializer.data,safe=False)

#         else:  # 验证不通过，输出对应的报错信息

#             print("验证不通过")

#             # return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.errors))

#             print(type(game_serializer.errors))

#             return JsonResponse(game_serializer.errors)

#

# # 注释同上

# @csrf_exempt

# def game_info(request, game_id):

#     game_obj = models.Game.objects.get(id=game_id)

#     if request.method == 'GET':

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game_obj)

#         data = JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.data)

#         return HttpResponse(data)

#     elif request.method == 'PUT':

#         data = JSONParser().parse(request)

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game_obj, data=data)

#         if game_serializer.is_valid():

#             game_serializer.save()

#             # return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.data))

#             return JsonResponse(game_serializer.data, status=201)

#         return JsonResponse(game_serializer.errors, status=400)

#     elif request.method == 'DELETE':

#         game_obj.delete()

#         return HttpResponse(status=204)

# 第二种函数视图

# from rest_framework import status

# from rest_framework.decorators import api_view

# from rest_framework.response import Response

# from test_app import serializer

# from test_app import models

#

#

# @api_view(['GET', 'POST'])

# def game_list(request, format=None):

#     print(format)

#     if request.method == 'GET':

#         games = models.Game.objects.all()

#         games_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=games, many=True)

#         return Response(games_serializer.data)

#     elif request.method == 'POST':

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(data=request.data)

#         if game_serializer.is_valid():

#             game_serializer.save()

#             return Response(game_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

#         return Response(game_serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

#

#

# @api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])

# def game_info(request, game_id, format=None):

#     try:

#         game_obj = models.Game.objects.get(id=game_id)

#     except models.Game.DoesNotExist as e:

#         return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

#         # return HttpResponse(e,status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

#     if request.method == 'GET':

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game_obj)

#         return Response(game_serializer.data)

#     elif request.method == 'PUT':

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game_obj, data=request.data)

#         if game_serializer.is_valid():

#             game_serializer.save()

#             return Response(game_serializer.data)

#         return Response(game_serializer.errors)

#     elif request.method == 'DELETE':

#         game_obj.delete()

#         return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

# # 第三种 APIView类视图

# from django.http import Http404

# from test_app import serializer

# from test_app import models

# from rest_framework import views

# from rest_framework.response import Response

# from rest_framework import status

#

#

# class Game_List(views.APIView):

#     def get(self, request, format=None):

#         print(locals())

#         games_obj = models.Game.objects.all()

#         games_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=games_obj, many=True)

#         return Response(games_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

#

#     def post(self, reqeust, format=None):

#         data = reqeust.data

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(data=data)

#         if game_serializer.is_valid():

#             game_serializer.save()

#             return Response(game_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

#         return Response(game_serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

#

#

# class Game_Info(views.APIView):

#     def get_obj(self, game_id):

#         try:

#             return models.Game.objects.get(id=game_id)

#         except models.Game.DoesNotExist as not_exist:

#             raise Http404

#

#     def get(self, reqeust, game_id,format=None):

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=self.get_obj(game_id))

#         return Response(game_serializer.data)

#

#     def put(self, request, game_id, format=None):

#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=self.get_obj(game_id), data=request.data)

#         if game_serializer.is_valid():

#             game_serializer.save()

#             return Response(game_serializer.data)

#         return Response(game_serializer.errors)

#

#     def delete(self, request, game_id, format=None):

#         self.get_obj(game_id).delete()

#         return Response(status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

# # 第四种 mixin类视图

# from test_app import serializer

# from test_app import models

# from rest_framework import mixins

# from rest_framework import generics

#

#

# class Game_List(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):

#     queryset = models.Game.objects.all()

#     serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

#

#     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

#         return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

#

#     def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

#         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

#

#

# class Game_Info(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):

#     queryset = models.Game.objects.all()

#     serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

#

#     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

#         print(request,args,kwargs)

#         return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

#

#     def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

#         return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

#

#     def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

#         return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

# 第五种 泛型类视图

from test_app import serializer

from test_app import models

from rest_framework import generics

class Game_List(generics.ListCreateAPIView):

    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()

    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

class Game_Info(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):

    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()

    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

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