Install Debian note

environment: already install xp,win7 and win8PE, left 87G space to install Debian, this space not format for any tpye.

Download Debian system image, and burn it to DVD, restart PC, almost press "next", but no network install, use the spare space to install, at last install the bootloader "GRUB"

when i finished this install, there will be some problem arise:

1.　$ sudo apt-get install vim
　　bash: sudo: command not found

　　$ su -

　　# apt-get install sudo

　　$ sudo apt-get install vim
　　We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
　　Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
　　    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
　　    #2) Think before you type.
　　    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.
　　[sudo] password for oee:
　　oee is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.

　　$ su -

#chmod u+w /etc/sudoers

#vi /etc/sudoers

add “xxx ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL” below “root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL”

#chmod u-w /etc/sudoers

2.when new install
Debian, the network is not working properly,and type “ifconfig”
at your terminal command, it will say:”command not found”.[此命令在sbin而不在bin中]

　　you can
add “export PATH=$PATH:/sbin” at the end of “$HOME/.profile”
to solve this problem.[通过修改环境变量让用户copener也可以用超级用户的程序ifconfig]

　　修改环境变量的方法有几个：

　　1、直接在shell里面exprot，例如：“export PATH=$PATH:/sbin”。此方法在重启后失效。

　　2、修改系统启动的配置文件/etc/profile，在末尾处增加一句“export PATH=$PATH:/sbin”。对所有用户有效

　　3、修改用户启动的配置文件$HOME/.bashrc，在末尾处增加一句“export PATH=$PATH:/sbin”。对本用户有效

　　

　　可通过echo $PATH查看

3、刚安装的系统在vi文件后进入插入模式后键盘会出现不对应

　　$sudo gedit /etc/vim/virmc.tiny

　　打开virmc.tiny文件后找到 set compatible，把它改为 set nocompatible，并在它下一行增加set backspace=2，保存即可。设置了键盘为不兼容的模式。

4.configure
network,”sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces”

　　auto
lo

iface
lo inet loopback

auto
eth0

iface
eth0 inet dhcp

later,
reboot computer

5.when you type "sudo apt-get install  XXX",it will search your DVD mount at /media/cdrom

how to mount your iso image file to cdrom?

sudo mount -o loop debian-7.6.0-i386-DVD-1.iso /media/cdrom

and later, i try to update and install, it works!

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install vim

　　(some simle command: apt-get remove {package}; apt-get --purge remove {package}; apt-get upgrade )

6.ppp network

　　sudo apt-get install pppoeconf

　　sudo pppoeconf

　　when you configure those, the network is ready.

　　手动控制网络连接 
　　要连接到你设置好的ADSL连接，在终端中输入： 
　　sudo pon dsl-provider

　　要断开ADSL连接，在终端中输入： 
　　sudo poff dsl-provider

　　

7.wireless configure

　　check wireless module name.

　　#ifconfig -a

　　　　and if will list all network card, such as lo,eth0 and wlan0, but no information about wireless card .

　　#lsmod

　　　　list all the module in the system, but no information about wireless card.

　　#iwconfig

　　　　list some info about wireless card, but i didn't see the network card name.

　　#lsusb

　　　　list all usb device system connect, and i can find my wireless card chip name rt2870/t3070

　　now, i search for this driver at https://packages.debian.org/zh-tw/wheezy/firmware-ralink , download driver, and install it.

　　#dpkg -i firmware-ralink_0.36+wheezy.1_all.deb

　　#vim /etc/network/interface

　　　　configure wireless 　　　　　　

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wireless-essid [ESSID]
wireless-psk [PASSWD]
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK

　　#ifup wlan0

　　　　active wireless

　　#iwlist wlan0 scan

　　　　scan wireless

　　自己在interface中配置网络还是麻烦，例如不好切换。还是用network-manager来管理网络吧，很好用。需要注意的是，在interface中仅保留回环地址，否则network-manager不会接管。

　　目前能连接到wifi但是还不稳定

8.为终端打开添加系统全局快捷键ctrl+alt+T

　　系统设置，键盘，快捷键，自定义快捷键……gnome-terminal

9.update /etc/apt/sources.list

　　#cp sources.list sources.list_bak

　　#gedit sources.list\

　　　　input those sources address　　　　

# 网易163更新服务器：
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main non-free contrib

# sohu 更新服务器：
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian/ lenny main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian/ lenny-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian/ lenny main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian/ lenny-proposed-updates main non-free contrib

　　#apt-get update

　　#apt-get install apt-spy

　　#cp sources.list sources.list_bak

　　#apt-spy update

　　#apt-spy -d stable -a Asia

　　automaticly to update sources.list file

　　

10.install and configure input method

　　卸载fcitx有关的组件然后安装ibus

　　sudo apt-get install ibus

　　sudo apt-get install ibus-table-wubi

　　还有一个开机自启动问题

　　安装im-switch然后sudo im-switch -c配置一下

　　把/etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/default备份一下再把ibus的拷贝为default

　　在$HOME/.bashrc里面添加：

　　export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
　　export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
　　export QT_IM_MODULE=ibus

　　later reboot system

11.install xmind

　　

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-wbpy