django的rest framework框架——分页、视图、路由、渲染器

一、rest framework的分页

1、使用rest framework内置类PageNumberPagination实现分类

from django.conf.urls import url

from api import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/pager1/$', views.Pager1View.as_view()),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.pager import PagerSerializer

class Pager1View(APIView):

    """分页"""

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        roles = models.Role.objects.all()

        # 使用PageNumberPagination类进行分页

        pg = PageNumberPagination()

        # 获取分页数据

        pager_roles = pg.paginate_queryset(queryset=roles, request=request, view=self)

        # 序列化分页结果

        serl = PagerSerializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)

        return Response(serl.data)

views.py

2、继承内置类自定义分页

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.pager import PagerSerializer

class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):

    """自定义分页类"""

    page_size = 2  # 设置一页显示2条数据

    # page_size_query_param = None  # 设置请求参数的key

    #  设置为size  可以在请求参数重置每页显示的数据条数

    page_size_query_param = "size"  # http://127.0.0.1:8082/api/v1/pager1/?size=3

    max_page_size = 5  # 设置每页最大显示的数据条数

    page_query_param = 'page'  # 获取页码 http://127.0.0.1:8082/api/v1/pager1/?page=2 获取第二页数据

class Pager1View(APIView):

    """分页显示"""

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        roles = models.Role.objects.all()

        pg = MyPageNumberPagination()

        # 获取分页数据

        pager_roles = pg.paginate_queryset(queryset=roles, request=request, view=self)

        # 序列化分页结果

        serl = PagerSerializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)

        # return Response(serl.data)

        # 还可以使用内置方法返回数据

        res = pg.get_paginated_response(serl.data)

        return res

views.py

3、LimitOffsetPagination类

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination, LimitOffsetPagination

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.pager import PagerSerializer

class Pager1View(APIView):

    """分页显示"""

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        roles = models.Role.objects.all()

        pg = LimitOffsetPagination()  # 使用的是offset设置索引的ID

        # http://127.0.0.1:8082/api/v1/pager1/?offset=2  表示从第3条数据开始显示

        # http://127.0.0.1:8082/api/v1/pager1/?offset=2&limit=4  表示从第3条数据开始向后取4条

        # 获取分页数据

        pager_roles = pg.paginate_queryset(queryset=roles, request=request, view=self)

        # 序列化分页结果

        serl = PagerSerializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)

        return Response(serl.data)

views.py

4、CursorPagination类

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.pagination import CursorPagination

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.pager import PagerSerializer

class MyCursorPagination(CursorPagination):

    """自定义分页类"""

    cursor_query_param = 'cursor'

    page_size = 2

    ordering = 'id'  # 获取数据时的排序规则

    page_size_query_param = None

    max_page_size = None

class Pager1View(APIView):

    """分页显示"""

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        roles = models.Role.objects.all()

        pg = MyCursorPagination()

        # 获取分页数据

        pager_roles = pg.paginate_queryset(queryset=roles, request=request, view=self)

        # 序列化分页结果

        serl = PagerSerializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)

        res = pg.get_paginated_response(serl.data)

        return res

views.py

二、rest framework的视图

1、APIView

from django.conf.urls import url

from api import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/viewer/$', views.ViewerView.as_view()),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

class ViewerView(APIView):

    """继承APIView"""

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return Response("xxx")

views.py

2、GenericAPIView

from django.db import models

class UserGroup(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class UserInfo(models.Model):

    user_type_choices = (

        (1, "普通用户"),

        (2, "vip"),

        (3, "svip"),

    )

    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)

    username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)

    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    group = models.ForeignKey(to="UserGroup", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)

    roles = models.ManyToManyField(to="Role", blank=True)

class UserToken(models.Model):

    user = models.OneToOneField(to="UserInfo")

    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)

class Role(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Order(models.Model):

    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)

    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    user = models.ForeignKey(to="UserInfo", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)

models.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from api import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/viewer/$', views.ViewerView.as_view()),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework import serializers

from api import models

class ViewSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.Role

        fields = "__all__"

view_serializer.py

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.view_serializer import ViewSerializer

class ViewerView(GenericAPIView):

    """继承GenericAPIView"""

    queryset = models.Role.objects.all()  # 指定要查询的数据

    serializer_class = ViewSerializer   # 序列化类

    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination  # 分页类

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        roles = self.get_queryset()  # 获取数据

        pager = self.paginate_queryset(roles)  # 分页

        serl = self.get_serializer(instance=pager, many=True)  # 序列化

        return Response(serl.data)

views.py

3、GenericViewSet

继承了ViewSetMixin和GenericAPIView

from django.conf.urls import url

from api import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/viewer/$', views.ViewerView.as_view({'get': 'list'})),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.view_serializer import ViewSerializer

class ViewerView(GenericViewSet):

    """继承GenericViewSet"""

    queryset = models.Role.objects.all()  # 指定要查询的数据

    serializer_class = ViewSerializer  # 序列化类

    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination  # 分页类

    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        roles = self.get_queryset()  # 获取数据

        pager = self.paginate_queryset(roles)  # 分页

        serl = self.get_serializer(instance=pager, many=True)  # 序列化

        return Response(serl.data)

views.py

4、ListModelMixin、CreateModelMixin、GenericViewSet

ListModelMixin内部实现了list方法：

CreateModelMixin内部实现了create方法：

from django.conf.urls import url

from api import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/viewer/$', views.ViewerView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.view_serializer import ViewSerializer

class ViewerView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):

    """继承ListModelMixin、CreateModelMixin、GenericViewSet"""

    queryset = models.Role.objects.all()  # 指定要查询的数据

    serializer_class = ViewSerializer  # 序列化类

    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination  # 分页类

views.py

5、ModelViewSet

获取单条数据、更新数据、删除数据时，URL中需要传递要操作的数据的ID

from django.conf.urls import url

from api import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/viewer/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.ViewerView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve',

                                                                                'post': 'create',

                                                                                'delete': 'destroy',

                                                                                'put': 'update',

                                                                                'patch': 'partial_update'})),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.view_serializer import ViewSerializer

class ViewerView(ModelViewSet):

    """继承ModelViewSet"""

    queryset = models.Role.objects.all()  # 指定要查询的数据

    serializer_class = ViewSerializer  # 序列化类

    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination  # 分页类

views.py

6、当使用GenericViewSet类时，会执行它父类GenericAPIView里面的get_object方法，这个方法执行了check_object_permissions方法来对对象的权限进行校验：

三、rest framework的路由

url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/viewer/$', views.ViewerView.as_view())

# http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v2/viewer/

url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/viewer/$', views.ViewerView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}))

# http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v2/viewer/

# http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v2/viewer/?format=json  get传参的方式

url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/viewer\.(?P<format>\w+)$', views.ViewerView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}))

# http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v2/viewer.json  将参数写到路径里面

自动生成路由：

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from rest_framework import routers

from api import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()

router.register(r"role", views.ViewerView)  # url前缀，视图名称

router.register(r"group", views.ViewerView)

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/', include(router.urls)),

]

urls.py

自动生成的路由：

可以通过http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v2/role/ http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v2/role.json等方式进行访问

四、rest framework的渲染器

1、局部配置

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|2]+)/test/$', views.TestView.as_view()),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework import serializers

from api import models

class ViewSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.Role

        fields = "__all__"

view_serializer.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer, AdminRenderer

from api import models

from api.utils.serializers.view_serializer import ViewSerializer

class TestView(APIView):

    renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer]  # 渲染数据格式的类 http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v2/test/?format=json

    # renderer_classes = [AdminRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer]  # 渲染数据格式的类 http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v2/test/?format=admin

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        roles = models.Role.objects.all()

        pg = PageNumberPagination()

        pager_roles = pg.paginate_queryset(queryset=roles, request=request, view=self)

        serl = ViewSerializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)

        return Response(serl.data)

views.py

2、全局配置

在项目的settings里面：

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