STL - 移除(remove)和释放(erase)集合元素

remove(移除):

这个操作并不是真正地删除元素，它会移除指定的元素，然后后面的元素依次前移，最后用别的元素来补充。

erase(释放):

这个操作会指定释放区间的头和尾迭代器(iterator)。

如果要一次性删除指定元素：

coll.erase(remove(coll.begin(), coll.end(), [removed element]), coll.end()); 

代码如下:

list<int> coll1;

    for (int i = ; i <= ; ++i)
    {
        coll1.push_front(i);
        coll1.push_back(i);
    }

    cout << "** collection 1: **" << endl;
    ContainerUtil<list<int>>::printElements(coll1);

    // remove all elements with value 3
    list<int>::iterator end = remove(coll1.begin(), coll1.end(), );

    cout << "** collection 1(after remove elements 3): **" << endl;
    ContainerUtil<list<int>>::printElements(coll1);

    // print number of removed elements
    cout << "number of removed elements : " << distance(end, coll1.end()) << endl;

    // release 'removed' elements
    coll1.erase(end, coll1.end());
    cout << "** collection 1(after releasing removed elements): **" << endl;
    ContainerUtil<list<int>>::printElements(coll1);

    // remove & release elements with value 4 all at once
    coll1.erase(remove(coll1.begin(), coll1.end(), ), coll1.end());
    cout << "** collection 1(after remove & release elements 4): **" << endl;
    ContainerUtil<list<int>>::printElements(coll1);

运行结果:

** collection 1: **
  6  5  4  3  2  1  1  2  3  4  5  6
** collection 1(after remove elements 3): **
  6  5  4  2  1  1  2  4  5  6  5  6
number of removed elements : 2
** collection 1(after releasing removed elements): **
  6  5  4  2  1  1  2  4  5  6
** collection 1(after remove & release elements 4): **
  6  5  2  1  1  2  5  6