linux上搭建nginx+php+mysql环境详细讲解

1、mysql安装

 #安装编译环境

 yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ gcc-devel g++ g++-devel;

 yum install -y wget

 yum install -y tar

 #创建mysql用户组及用户

 groupadd -f mysql

 useradd -g mysql mysql

 #编译mysql

 #安装依赖

 yum install -y ncurses ncurses-devel

 yum install -y cmake

 #解压mysql包

 tar -xf mysql-5.6..tar.gz

 cd  mysql-5.6..tar.gz

 #创建mysql的data数据目录

 mkdir -p /data/mysql/data

 chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

 #编译，主要注意几个目录以及端口

 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/mysql  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock  -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE= -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE= -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE= -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE= -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE= -DWITH_READLINE=  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE= -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT= -DSYSCONFDIR=/data/mysql -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST= -DWITH_BOOST=/data/mysql/boost

 #安装

 make -j  && make install

 #配置数据库

 cd  /data/mysql

 #初始化数据库

 ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir="/data/mysql" --datadir="/data/mysql/data"

 chown -R mysql:mysql 、/data/mysql/data/

 #复制服务到init.d目录

 cp /data/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysql

 #将mysql服务加入chkconfig管理列表 ,然后就可以用service进行操作，如果要开机自启再执行 chkconfig mysql on 

 chkconfig /etc/init.d/mysql

 #软链接（快捷方式）,方便直接使用mysql客户端和备份命令

 ln -s /data/mysql/bin/mysql  /bin/mysql

 ln -s /data/mysql/bin/mysqldump  /bin/mysqldump

 #最后检查mysql目录下 my.cnf  配置文件，无误后启动mysql服务

 service mysql start

 #关闭命令

 service mysql stop

 #重启命令

 service mysql restart 

 #客户端第一次登陆数据库，没有密码的

 mysql -uroot -p

mysql配置参考，有些参数视具体而定

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[client]

port=3306

socket =/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

basedir =/data/mysql

datadir =/data/mysql/data

port =3306

socket =/tmp/mysql.sock

key_buffer_size =  128M

open_files_limit = 10240

sort_buffer_size = 8M

join_buffer_size = 4M

read_buffer_size = 16M

read_rnd_buffer_size=16M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_size = 32M

query_cache_limit = 16M #允许临时存放在查询缓存区里的查询结果的最大长度(默认设置是1M)

max_connections=4000

max_allowed_packet = 1G

default_storage_engine = InnoDB #默认引擎innodb

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 200M

#thread_stack = 512K #线程使用的堆大小. 此容量的内存在每次连接时被预留

thread_concurrency=16 #CPU的2倍,用于多核CPU上

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=32M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 # 1:(默认值) 每一次事务提交或事务外的指令都需要把日志写入硬盘 2:把日志写入系统缓存 0:延迟写入

#innodb_flush_method=3 # 1) Default – 使用fsync。 2) O_SYNC 以sync模式打开文件，通常比较慢。 3) O_DIRECT，在Linux上使用Direct IO。

innodb_thread_concurrency=16

innodb_file_io_threads=8

innodb_file_per_table = 1

# innodb_strict_mode=1 #建议加上

innodb_io_capacity = 500

relay_log_recovery=1

tmp_table_size=268435456

max_heap_table_size=268435456

slow_query_log=ON

long_query_time=60 #添加慢查询

slow_query_log_file=slowquery.log

log_bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

expire_logs_days=5

max_binlog_size=512M #日志文件太大读写效率降低

#从配置

slave-skip-errors=1062,1064

relay_log=mysql-relay-bin

log_slave_updates=1

replicate-ignore-db=mysql,performance_schema,information_schema

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 1G

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 400M

sort_buffer_size = 256M

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

2、php安装，需要自己下载libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 依赖

 #安装依赖

 yum install -y libxml2-devel

 yum install -y bzip2-devel

 yum install -y libcurl-devel

 yum install -y libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel

 #手动安装libmcrypt依赖

 tar -xf libmcrypt-2.5..tar.gz

 cd libmcrypt-2.5.

 #配置 自定义安装目录

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt

 #开始安装

 make -j  && make install

 cd ../

 #安装php

 tar -xf php-5.6..tar.gz

 cd php-5.6.

 #配置信息

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm  --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt --with-zlib --enable-mbstring --with-openssl --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-mysql-sock --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-png-dir=/usr/lib64 --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql --with-gettext --with-curl --enable-sockets --enable-bcmath --enable-xml --with-bz2 --enable-zip --enable-pcntl --enable-sysvmsg --enable-mysqlnd=mysqlnd --enable-calendar --enable-mbstring --enable-maintainer-zts

 #开始安装

 make -j  && make install

 cd ../

3、安装nginx，需要手动下载pcre-8.39.tar.gz 和zlib-1.2.10.tar.gz

 #我这里是提前把pcre、zlib以及nginx的包下载到了/data/install目录

 #实际安装中的目录根据具体的而定

 #解压依赖包

 tar -xf pcre-8.39.tar.gz

 tar -xf zlib-1.2..tar.gz

 tar -xf nginx-1.9..tar.gz

 cd nginx-1.9.

 yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

 #配置

 ./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/data/install/pcre-8.39 --with-zlib=/data/install/zlib-1.2.

 #开始安装

 make -j  && make install

4、配置nginx

　　mkdir /data/wwwroot

　　mkdir -p /data/logs/nginx

（2）修改配置文件

user  www;

worker_processes  8;

worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;

error_log   /data/logs/nginx/error.log;

pid        nginx.pid;

events {

    worker_connections 65535;

    multi_accept on;

    use epoll;

}

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /data/logs/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;

    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  120;

	add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*";

	server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

    gzip  on;

	server{

		listen 80;

		server_name localhost;

		root /data/wwwroot;

		location / {

			index index.html index.htm index.php;

		}

		location ~ \.php {

			root /data/wwwroot;

			fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

			fastcgi_index index.php;

			fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/php$fastcgi_script_name;

			include    fastcgi_params;

			set $path_info "";

			set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;

			if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {

				 set $real_script_name $1;

				 set $path_info $2;

			}

			fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;

			fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;

			fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;

	   }

	}

    include 'conf/*.conf';

}

（3）用www用户启动nginx

创建www用户：groupadd www

创建www用户组：useradd -g www www

启动nginx：/usr/local/nginx/nginx

　关闭nginx: /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s stop

　　如果是在虚拟机安装可能还需要关闭防火墙 (外部访问虚拟机要先关闭防火墙chkconfig iptables off 或者 service iptables stop 或者 iptables -F)

5、php跟nginx关联

　　开启php-fpm配置文件:

　　cd /usr/local/php/etc

　　cp php-fpm.conf.default ./php-fpm.conf

　　开启php-fpm:

　　/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

6、常见问题：

（1）启动mysql服务，提示my.cnf被忽略?

解决方法：修改my.cnf的权限 chmod 644 /data/mysql1/my.cnf

（2）终端mysql进不去？

　　解决办法：mysql1 -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p 主机加上127.0.0.1

（3）外部连不上虚拟机mysql？

　　解决办法：iptables -F

　　参考网址：http://blog.csdn.net/ynh_123/article/details/53023621

（4）如何开机mysql服务自动开启？

　　解决办法：上传启动控制脚本到/etc/init.d (一般安装后里面会自动生成，不需上传),将mysql添加到系统服务，然后设置自动开启。

　　chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysql

　　chkconfig mysql on

　　详细内容可参考网址：http://blog.csdn.net/b_shuang1113/article/details/75635477

（5）如何设置nginx开机自启动？

　　(1) 上传启动控制脚本nginx 到/etc/init.d

　　(2) 设置权限：chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

　　(3) 添加到系统服务:chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx

　　(4) 设置开机启动：chkconfig ginx on

　　(5) 查看是否设置成功：chkconfig --list | grep nginx (2-5选项为on)

　　参考网址：http://www.jb51.net/article/51973.htm

（6）如何设置php-fpm开机自启动？

　　(1)上传启动控制脚本php-fpm到/etc/init.d

　　(2)设置权限：chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

　　(3)添加到系统服务:chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/php-fpm

　　(4)设置开机启动：chkconfig ginx on

　　(5)查看是否设置成功：chkconfig --list | grep php-fpm (2-5选项为on)

　　参考网址：http://www.jb51.net/article/68153.htm

（7）替换了配置文件mysql也无法启动？

　　解决办法：如果替换了配置文件，启动还是报这个错误：mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data/bogon.pid).

　　这时可以去/etc目录下删掉默认的my.cnf ，然后再次启动即可

最后附上完整的一键安装脚本，以及所需安装包，配置文件、启动控制脚本：

　　链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1XkxgW9fRINqg_Zi3W27OUg 密码：ddan