[administrative][archlinux][clonezilla][disk cloning] 一块 windows 10 硬盘的备份

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/disk_cloning

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/full_system_backup_with_rsync

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_disk_cloning_software

一个软件：

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronis_True_Image

说白了，从技术上来讲，备份一块硬盘就两个途径。1 section to section  2. block to block

一，就是扇区到扇区备份：

　　这种方式，就是dd就好了，1T的备份出来就是1T，当然稍微聪明一点的方式就是gzip压缩一下，也许1T可以变成800G？ 我不知道。

二，就是块到块备份：

　　这是一个比较聪明的方法，因为程序可以知道，哪个块是空的，哪个块是用了的。所以，实际上，只需要把用了的块备份出来就可以了。

也就是说，一块1T的硬盘，我只写了1G的数据，理论上也就备份1点多个G的数据出来就够了。

　　但这个前提是软件要认识文件系统。以及各种分区表，巴拉吧啦之类的。

　　这样的软件有：

　　ghost https://www.symantec.com/products/endpoint-hybrid-cloud-security/endpoint-management/ghost-solutions-suite

　　True Image http://www.acronis.com/zh-cn/personal/computer-backup/

　　他们都很好，他们都是收！费！达！

　　最后一个，我呕心沥血终于找到的，免费又好用，还是GPL：

　　http://clonezilla.org/

三， 安装clonezilla U盘启动

　　1. 下载zip格式的软件。

　　http://clonezilla.org/downloads/download.php?branch=stable

　　2.  根据文档 method B 安装

　　http://clonezilla.org/liveusb.php

　　a. 分区

(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 1GiB
(parted) mkpart primary 1GiB %   

　　b. 创建文件系统

/home/tong/ISO [tong@T7] [:]
> sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdc1   # 这个地方是错的，见下文。正确应该用fat而不是vfat
mkfs.fat 4.1 (--)

/home/tong/ISO [tong@T7] [:]
> sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdc2

　　c. 安装（先挂载起来）

/home/tong/ISO [tong@T7] [:]
> unzip clonezilla-live-2.5.--amd64.zip -d /run/media/tong/CentOS\ \ x86_64

/run/media/tong/CentOS  x86_64/utils/linux [tong@T7] [:]
> sudo pacman -S syslinux

报错

/run/media/tong/CentOS  x86_64/utils/linux [tong@T7] [:]
> sudo ./makeboot.sh /dev/sdc1
This command will install MBR and syslinux/extlinux bootloader on /dev/sdc
Clonezilla files are assumed to be on /dev/sdc1
--------------------------------------------
Machine: 20BVA01HCD:
Model: Kingston DT  G2 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: .6GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
       1049kB  1074MB  1073MB  primary  fat32        boot
       1074MB  .6GB  .5GB  primary  ntfs

--------------------------------------------
Are you sure you want to continue?
[y/n] y
OK! Let's do it!
--------------------------------------------
File system of /dev/sdc1: vfat
--------------------------------------------
Do you want to install MBR on /dev/sdc on this machine "20BVA01HCD" ?
[y/n] y
OK! Let's do it!
Running: cat "/run/media/tong/CentOS 7 x86_64/utils/mbr/mbr.bin" > /dev/sdc
--------------------------------------------
Do you want to install the syslinux boot files on /dev/sdc1 on this machine "20BVA01HCD" ?
[y/n] y
OK! Let's do it!
A filesystem supporting Unix file mode for syslinux is required. Copying syslinux to /tmp/linux_tmp.DmTXsa
'/run/media/tong/CentOS 7 x86_64/utils/linux/syslinux' -> '/tmp/linux_tmp.DmTXsa/syslinux'
Running: "/tmp/linux_tmp.DmTXsa/syslinux" -d syslinux -f -i "/dev/sdc1"
syslinux.mnt.6420.0/syslinux/ldlinux.sys: No such file or directory
Failed to run syslinux in installation mode!
Program terminated!

没有 mcopy

/run/media/tong/CentOS  x86_64/utils/linux [tong@T7] [:]
> sudo syslinux  -d syslinux -f -i "/dev/sdc1"
sh: mcopy: command not found
syslinux: failed to create ldlinux.sys

https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/21605

/home/tong [tong@T7] [:]
> sudo pacman -S mtools

四：

MD，大半夜的脑子进水选错了分区。。。成功。

/mnt/utils/linux [tong@T7] [:]
> sudo ./makeboot.sh /dev/sdc1
This command will install MBR and syslinux/extlinux bootloader on /dev/sdc
Clonezilla files are assumed to be on /dev/sdc1
--------------------------------------------
Machine: 20BVA01HCD:
Model: Kingston DT  G2 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: .6GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
       1049kB  1074MB  1073MB  primary  fat32        boot
       1074MB  .6GB  .5GB  primary  ntfs

--------------------------------------------
Are you sure you want to continue?
[y/n] y
OK! Let's do it!
--------------------------------------------
File system of /dev/sdc1: vfat
--------------------------------------------
Do you want to install MBR on /dev/sdc on this machine "20BVA01HCD" ?
[y/n] y
OK! Let's do it!
Running: cat "/mnt/utils/mbr/mbr.bin" > /dev/sdc
--------------------------------------------
Do you want to install the syslinux boot files on /dev/sdc1 on this machine "20BVA01HCD" ?
[y/n] y
OK! Let's do it!
A filesystem supporting Unix file mode for syslinux is required. Copying syslinux to /tmp/linux_tmp.nRSUwF
'/mnt/utils/linux/syslinux' -> '/tmp/linux_tmp.nRSUwF/syslinux'
Running: "/tmp/linux_tmp.nRSUwF/syslinux" -d syslinux -f -i "/dev/sdc1"
//NOTE// If your USB flash drive fails to boot (maybe buggy BIOS), try to use "syslinux -d syslinux -fs /dev/sdc1", i.e. running with "-fs".
syslinux ran successfully in installation mode.
Done!

/mnt/utils/linux [tong@T7] [:]
> 

卸掉 syslinux 和mtools 再试。

依然成功！

update @2017-06-06

并不能启动。经过验证排查怀疑问题如下：

1.  sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdc1   用了vfat而不是fat，不能启动。

2.  还用了ntfs分区，同样也不能启动。

3.  正确的用法是严格按照文档中的命令，sudo mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sdc1

至此，U盘可以正确启动了。全是图像界面，按照提示，很易用。不做赘述。

update @2017-06-10

镜像的时候可以选择工具，选了partclone，结果报错。

最后选了ntfsclone，保存成功。我是说应该成功了。。。。因为它打印成功了，但是在最后进行完整性检查的时候，说不能检测，因为不是partclone。

一共生成一个文件夹，12G。