oracle 使用db_link 导入导出小结

客户有一个需求，是将一个库中的某个用户迁移到一台新的oracle服务器上，因数据量较小，并且不涉及版本的升级，所以可以采用创建一个dblink，然后通过这个dblink直接从源库将用户数据导出并导入到新库中。

为了防止现场发生意外，因此先自己搭建一套环境进行测试，环境如下：

源库：192.168.56.100　 Abbott 　　 数据库：orcl 连接名：orcl1 导出用户：test

新库：192.168.56.40　　ora-ogg　　数据库：orcl 连接名：ogg   创建用户：abbott

实施步骤：

1. 配置源库和新库的tnsnames.ora文件，使其可以互连，这里源库和新库的tnsnames.ora文件内容相同；

   [oracle@Abbott admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
   # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
   # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  
   
   ORCL1 =
     (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.100)(PORT = 1521))
       (CONNECT_DATA =
         (SERVER = DEDICATED)
         (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
       )
     )  
   
   OGG =
     (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.40)(PORT = 1521))
       (CONNECT_DATA =
         (SERVER = DEDICATED)
         (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
       )
     )  

   2. 测试连接，从源库使用abbott用户连接到新库上，或者从新库用test用户连接到源库上：

   [oracle@Abbott admin]$ sqlplus abbott/abbott@ogg
   
   SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed May 24 16:01:36 2017  
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
   
   Connected to:
   Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
   With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options  
   
   SQL>

   3. 新库创建dblink，这里用sys用户登录，创建了一个public的dblink：

   SQL> create public database link sjdr connect to test identified by test using 'orcl1';  
   
   Database link created.

   4. 在源库授予导出用户test执行数据泵的权限：

   [oracle@Abbott admin]$ sqlplus  / as sysdba  
   
   SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed May 24 16:30:58 2017  
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
   
   Connected to:
   Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
   With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options  
   
   SQL> grant EXP_FULL_DATABASE to test;  
   
   Grant succeeded. 

   注：如果未授予该权限，在导入导出的时候将报如下错误：

   [oracle@ora-ogg admin]$ impdp system/oracle schemas=TEST network_link=sjdr  
   
   Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed May 24 16:24:25 2017  
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.  
   
   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
   With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
   ORA-31631: privileges are required
   ORA-39149: cannot link privileged user to non-privileged user

   5. 在新库中创建test用户所对应的表空间及数据文件：

   SQL> create tablespace test datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test.dbf' size 20m autoextend on;  
   
   Tablespace created  

   6. 执行导入导出：

   [oracle@ora-ogg admin]$ impdp system/oracle schemas=TEST network_link=sjdr  
   
   Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed May 24 16:33:16 2017  
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.  
   
   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
   With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
   Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** schemas=TEST network_link=sjdr
   Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
   Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
   . . imported "TEST"."T1"                                      1 rows
   Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Wed May 24 16:33:30 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:14  

   7. 检查结果：

   [oracle@ora-ogg admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba  
   
   SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed May 24 16:33:40 2017  
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
   
   Connected to:
   Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
   With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options  
   
   SQL> select * from test.t1;  
   
           ID NAME
   ---------- --------------------
            1 zx  

   8. 只导用户表结构，不包含表数据，并且将test用户表结构及对象导入到abbott用户下，修改test用户表空间到abbott表空间：

   [oracle@ora-ogg admin]$ impdp system/oracle remap_schema=test:abbott remap_tablespace=test:abbott network_link=sjdr content=metadata_only   

   9. 新库中abbott用户默认表空间为abbott，如果未指定remap_tablespace，而只是指定remap_schema为abbott，那么导入后对象仍然在TEST表空间中：

   [oracle@Abbott ~]$ impdp system/oracle remap_schema=test:abbott network_link=impabbott
   
   Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 25 23:26:00 2017
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
   
   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
   With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
   Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** remap_schema=test:abbott network_link=impabbott
   Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
   Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
   ORA-31684: Object type USER:"ABBOTT" already exists
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
   . . imported "ABBOTT"."T1"                                    1 rows
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/FUNCTION
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/ALTER_FUNCTION
   ORA-39082: Object type ALTER_FUNCTION:"ABBOTT"."VERIFY_FUNCTION_11G" created with compilation warnings
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
   ORA-39082: Object type ALTER_PROCEDURE:"ABBOTT"."MM" created with compilation warnings
   Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
   Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 3 error(s) at Thu May 25 23:26:12 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:11
   
   [oracle@Abbott ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
   
   SQL> conn abbott/abbott
   SQL> select * from t1;
   
           ID NAME
   ---------- --------------------
            1 zx
   
   SQL> select segment_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments where owner='ABBOTT' and segment_name='T1';
   
   SEGMENT_NAME            TABLESPACE_NAME
   -----------------------------------------
   T1                        TEST
   
   SQL> select segment_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments where segment_name='T1'; #一个test.T1 一个Abbott.T1
   
   SEGMENT_NAME            TABLESPACE_NAME
   -----------------------------------------------
   T1                        TEST
   T1                        TEST

   10. 使用sys无密码导入导出：

   [oracle@Abbott ~]$ impdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=impdir dumpfile=full.dmp logfile=testim2.log remap_schema=test:abbott

   11.用户密码包含特殊符号的导入导出

2. [oracle@Abbott ~]$ impdp \'sys/\"oracle@#123\" as sysdba\' directory=impdir dumpfile=full.dmp logfile=testim2.log