Organic Solar Cells - Theory and Practice

renewable engergy:

Wind

solar

Tidal

Wave

Ocean

Bio

Etc.

How much energy we gonna need as following years:

The unit is of Tera Watts.

And how much we can get from the surroundings:

theoretically

Much of the wind energy are coming from the center of ocean. But it's only efficent now to get engergy by shore.

Biomass: 5-7 TW  if we use it all, that would be half of the energy we gonna need. But not enough.

Hydroelectric: It is briiliant but it is limited to the place where there are are load of water and river at some altitude.

Geothermal: It's very tricky to extract energy from heat. And it's very limited to some places such as volcanos and somewhere hot under ocean.

Tide/Ocean currents: It depends on geography and some places of the planet.

Above all, perhaps the largest one is the wind energy.

Solar energy has vast potential. The potential energy has 10,000 TW on the earth.

How much solar energy we can get actually.

photon              ---> useful
*['fәutɒn]
n. 光子, 光量子, 光度
【化】 光量子; 光子
【医】 光子

Sun + chemistry = Fuel

Solar fuel:

H20 __with_light__ ---> H2 + 1/2 02

Store energy from the sunlight.

Direct fixing of C02  ---> Liquid or gaseous fuel      ( Methane, Formic acid, formaldehyde, Methanol)

methane
*['meθein]
n. 甲烷, 沼气
【化】 甲烷; 沼气
【医】 甲烷, 沼气

formic acid
【化】 甲酸
【医】 甲酸, 蚁酸

formaldehyde
*[fɒ:'mældihaid]
n. 甲醛
【化】 甲醛
【医】 甲醛

methanol
*['meθәnәul]
n. 甲醇
【化】 甲醇
【医】 甲醇, 木醇

Later we can burn it and get energy from it.

These sunlight can be transferred directly into electricity.

Solar thermal engery which means light into heat.

Solar fuel is the lest efficent of the moment.

Solar effience range:

Solar fuel (chemical ) <  solar electric (10% -- 20% )< solar thermal ( 85% or more)

But what we get from solar thermal energy is heat. This can be used for  industrial heating, process heating, domestic heating.

So we are looking for photovoltaics.

photovoltaic cell
光电池
光生伏打电池

What we need

Requirements:

Large surfaces

Materials

Manufacturing

Low energy payback time

Low carbon footprint

Efficiency

Low cost

Speed