JAVA: httpclient 详细说明——第四章；

httpclient 具体解释——第一章。

httpclient 具体解释——第二章；

httpclient 具体解释——第三章；

httpclient 具体解释——第四章；

httpclient 具体解释——第五章；

httpclient 具体解释——第六章；

httpclient 具体解释——第七章；

相对于httpurlconnection ，httpclient更加丰富，也更加强大，当中apache有两个项目都是httpclient。一个是commonts包下的，这个是通用的，更专业的是org.apache.http.包下的。所以我一般用后者；

httpclient能够处理长连接，保存会话，重连接，以及请求过滤器，连接重用等等...

以下是測试代码（所有总结来自官方文档。以及翻译）

需要下载核心包：httpclient-4.3.4.jar ，也可在官网下载：http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

/**
	 * HTTP认证：
	 *
	 * HTTPclient支持http标准认证，也支持其它认证，如NTLM和SPNEGO。
	 */
	private static void test17(){

		//最简单的明文username password认证。
		UsernamePasswordCredentials creds = new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "pwd");
		System.out.println(creds.getUserPrincipal().getName());
		System.out.println(creds.getPassword());

		/**
		 * NTCredentials是微软的windows系统使用的一种凭据。包括username、password，还包括一系列其它的属性。
		 * 比方用户所在的域名。在Microsoft Windows的网络环境中，同一个用户能够属于不同的域，所以他也就有不同的凭据。
		 * workstation:本机的计算机名
		 */
		NTCredentials ntcreds = new NTCredentials("user", "pwd", "workstation", "domain");
		System.out.println(ntcreds.getUserPrincipal().getName());//输出   DOMAIN/user
		System.out.println(ntcreds.getPassword());

	}

	/**
	 * 凭证提供者（CredentialsProvider）内含一套特定的凭证，需要哪种凭证时，CredentialsProvider就能获得相应的凭证。
	 * 获取凭证的时候，能够模糊的指定主机名、port号、realm和认证方案。
	 * CredentialsProvider会筛选出一个最佳匹配方案。
	 */
	private static void test18() {

		CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();

		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("somehost",AuthScope.ANY_PORT),
									 new UsernamePasswordCredentials("u1", "p1"));
		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("somehost", 8080),
									 new UsernamePasswordCredentials("u2", "p2"));
		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("otherhost", 8080,AuthScope.ANY_REALM, "ntlm"),
									 new UsernamePasswordCredentials("u3", "p3"));

		System.out.println(credsProvider.getCredentials(new AuthScope(
				"somehost", 80, "realm", "basic")));
		System.out.println(credsProvider.getCredentials(new AuthScope(
				"somehost", 8080, "realm", "basic")));
		System.out.println(credsProvider.getCredentials(new AuthScope(
				"otherhost", 8080, "realm", "basic")));
		System.out.println(credsProvider.getCredentials(new AuthScope(
				"otherhost", 8080, null, "ntlm")));

		/**
		 *   输出：
		 *  [principal: u1]
			[principal: u2]
			null
			[principal: u3]
		 */
	}

	private static void test19() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {

//		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//		HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
//
//		HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("webservice.webxml.com.cn", 80, "http");
//
//		//认证提供者
//		CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
//		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope(targetHost.getHostName(),targetHost.getPort()),
//									 new UsernamePasswordCredentials("root", "root"));
//
//		//基础认证缓存
//		AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
//
//		context.setCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
//		context.setAuthCache(authCache);
//
//		HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getDatabaseInfo");
//
//		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost,httpget, context);
//
//		AuthState proxyAuthState = context.getProxyAuthState();
//
//		System.out.println("Proxy auth state: " + proxyAuthState.getState());
//		System.out.println("Proxy auth scheme: "+ proxyAuthState.getAuthScheme());
//		System.out.println("Proxy auth credentials: "+ proxyAuthState.getCredentials());
//		AuthState targetAuthState = context.getTargetAuthState();
//		System.out.println("Target auth state: " + targetAuthState.getState());
//		System.out.println("Target auth scheme: "+ targetAuthState.getAuthScheme());
//		System.out.println("Target auth credentials: "+ targetAuthState.getCredentials());
		/**
		 * 	Proxy auth state: UNCHALLENGED
			Proxy auth scheme: null
			Proxy auth credentials: null
			Target auth state: UNCHALLENGED
			Target auth scheme: null
			Target auth credentials: null
		 */
	}

	/**
	 * HttpClientContext 设置抢先认证  和  认证提供者：
	 *
	 * 在HTTP中。基本认证是一种用来同意Web浏览器或其它客户端程序在请求时提供以username和口令形式的凭证。
	 *
	 * 一般http basic认证，首先登录server。 然后server会返回401码让客户端输入username和password，客户端把usernamepassword进行BASE64加密。
	 *
	 * 最后把加密后的username和password发送给server进行验证。
	 *
	 * 抢先验证则省略了前几部，直接发送BASE64位密文，进行验证。但存在风险，慎用。
	 */
	private static void test20() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {

		HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		//配置主机 。 port可任意填写
		HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("webservice.webxml.com.cn", 80, "http");
		//认证提供者
		CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();

		credsProvider.setCredentials(
				new AuthScope(targetHost.getHostName(),targetHost.getPort()),
				new UsernamePasswordCredentials("username", "password"));

		AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();

		BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
		authCache.put(targetHost, basicAuth);

		//提前填充认证信息缓存到上下文中，这样，以这个上下文运行的方法。就会使用抢先认证。

可能会出错
		context.setAuthCache(authCache);
		context.setCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);

		HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getDatabaseInfo");

		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost,httpget, context);
		try {
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			System.out.println(result);

		} finally {
			response.close();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * NTLM连接认证：
	 *
	 * windows提供的一套安全、复杂的、有状态的协议。
	 *
	 * 相比Basic和Digest认证。NTLM认证要明显需要很多其它的计算开销，性能影响也比較大。

*
	 * 也就是说，NTLM连接一旦建立，用户的身份就会在其整个生命周期和它相关联。
	 */
	private static void test21() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {

		// 确保使用同一个上下文
		HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

		CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
		//构建具体nt认证信息：NTCredentials 參数1：username  2：password  3：本机名 3：domain域
		credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("somehost",AuthScope.ANY_PORT) ,
									 new NTCredentials("username", "password", "myworkstation", "domain"));

		context.setCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);

		HttpHost target = new HttpHost("somehost", 80, "http");

		HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/");

		CloseableHttpResponse response1 = httpclient.execute(target, httpget, context);

		try {
			HttpEntity entity1 = response1.getEntity();
			System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity1,"GB2312"));
		} finally {
			response1.close();
		}

		HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("/");
		httppost.setEntity(new StringEntity("lots and lots of data"));
		CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpclient.execute(target, httppost, context);
		try {
			HttpEntity entity2 = response2.getEntity();
		} finally {
			response2.close();
		}

	}

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