目标板通过nfs挂载根文件系统
目标板挂载根文件系统的方法有两种(这里所说的服务端就是ubuntu,Ubuntu已经成功安装了nfs服务,并且保证服务端与目标板ping 通)
第一种:等待开发板启动之后去挂载,此时文件系统从Flash中启动,然后手动的通过命令去挂载服务端的文件系统
首先修改配置文件/etc/export,在export文件中最后一行加入:[文件系统的目录] *(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
/home/linux/root_fs/first_fs/ *(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)///home/linux/root_fs/first_fs/ 为文件系统的目录
整个export文件为
# /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported # to NFS clients. See exports(). # # Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3: # /srv/homes hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check) # # Example for NFSv4: # /srv/nfs4 gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=,crossmnt,no_subtree_check) # /srv/nfs4/homes gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) /source/rootfs *(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash) /home/linux/root_fs/first_fs/ *(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
export文件
设置好之后,重新启动nfs服务
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
在服务器段自己测试挂载是否成功
sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.1.24:/home/linux/root_fs/first_fs/ /mnt/
在服务端/mnt/目录下查看挂载到的文件,在服务端调通之后,就进行重要环节,
在目标板上通过nfs进行挂载,命令如下:
mount -t nfs -o nolock 192.168.1.24:/home/linux/root_fs/first_fs/ /mnt/
第二种方法:直接从nfs启动,这样服务端所生成的目标文件,目标端可以直接执行,不需要挂载
这种做法就是在u-boot启动之后,设置nfs挂载参数。首先必须掌握nfs命令,
root=/dev/nfs This is necessary to enable the pseudo-NFS-device. Note that it's not a real device but just a synonym to tell the kernel to use NFS instead of a real device. nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] If the `nfsroot' parameter is NOT given on the command line, the default "/tftpboot/%s" will be used. <server-ip> Specifies the IP address of the NFS server. The default address is determined by the `ip' parameter (see below). This parameter allows the use of different servers for IP autoconfiguration and NFS. <root-dir> Name of the directory on the server to mount as root. If there is a "%s" token in the string, it will be replaced by the ASCII-representation of the client's IP address. <nfs-options> Standard NFS options. All options are separated by commas. The following defaults are used: port = as given by server portmap daemon rsize = wsize = timeo = retrans = acregmin = acregmax = acdirmin = acdirmax = flags = hard, nointr, noposix, cto, ac ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf> This parameter tells the kernel how to configure IP addresses of devices and also how to set up the IP routing table. It was originally called `nfsaddrs', but now the boot-time IP configuration works independently of NFS, so it was renamed to `ip' and the old name remained as an alias for compatibility reasons. If this parameter is missing from the kernel command line, all fields are assumed to be empty, and the defaults mentioned below apply. In general this means that the kernel tries to configure everything using autoconfiguration. The <autoconf> parameter can appear alone as the value to the `ip' parameter (without all the ':' characters before) in which case auto- configuration is used. <client-ip> IP address of the client. Default: Determined using autoconfiguration. <server-ip> IP address of the NFS server. If RARP is used to determine the client address and this parameter is NOT empty only replies from the specified server are accepted. Only required for for NFS root. That is autoconfiguration will not be triggered if it is missing and NFS root is not in operation. Default: Determined using autoconfiguration. The address of the autoconfiguration server is used. <gw-ip> IP address of a gateway if the server is on a different subnet. Default: Determined using autoconfiguration. <netmask> Netmask for local network interface. If unspecified the netmask is derived from the client IP address assuming classful addressing. Default: Determined using autoconfiguration. <hostname> Name of the client. May be supplied by autoconfiguration, but its absence will not trigger autoconfiguration. Default: Client IP address is used in ASCII notation. <device> Name of network device to use. Default: If the host only has one device, it is used. Otherwise the device is determined using autoconfiguration. This is done by sending autoconfiguration requests out of all devices, and using the device that received the first reply. <autoconf> Method to use for autoconfiguration. In the case of options which specify multiple autoconfiguration protocols, requests are sent using all protocols, and the first one to reply is used. Only autoconfiguration protocols that have been compiled into the kernel will be used, regardless of the value of this option. off or none: don't use autoconfiguration (default) on or any: use any protocol available in the kernel dhcp: use DHCP bootp: use BOOTP rarp: use RARP both: use both BOOTP and RARP but not DHCP (old option kept for backwards compatibility) Default: any
nfs命令格式
在u-boot界面,输入print就可以显示如下参数
bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0
然后根据nfs命令格式,具体格式解析要看nfs命令介绍。
nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>
将启动参数设置为
set bootargs noinitrd root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.24:/home/linux/root_fs/first_fs/ ip=192.168.1.12:192.168.1.24:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0
当文件系统启动之后,服务器端的文件会共享过来。
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