虽然是古老的问题，最近用到这个，查一下还不少东东呐

一、使用Environment.SpecialFolder

该方法最简单，直接使用即可，只是提供的特殊路径比较少。

(1)使用方法：
string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Programs);

(2)获取参数：

foreach (Environment.SpecialFolder s in
                    Enum.GetValues(typeof(Environment.SpecialFolder)))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} folder : {1}",
                        s, Environment.GetFolderPath(s));
                }

(3)输出参数列表：

Desktop = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\桌面
Programs = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\「开始」菜单\程序
Personal = E:\我的文档
Personal = E:\我的文档
Favorites = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Favorites
Startup = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\「开始」菜单\程序\启动
Recent = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Recent
SendTo = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\SendTo
StartMenu = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\「开始」菜单
MyMusic = E:\我的文档\My Music
DesktopDirectory = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\桌面
MyComputer = 
Templates = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Templates
ApplicationData = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Application Data
LocalApplicationData = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Local Settings\Application Data
InternetCache = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files
Cookies = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Cookies
History = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Local Settings\History
CommonApplicationData = C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data
System = C:\WINDOWS\system32
ProgramFiles = C:\Program Files
MyPictures = E:\我的文档\My Pictures
CommonProgramFiles = C:\Program Files\Common Files

合计：23行

二、使用Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable

该方法可提供更多内容。

(1)使用方法：

string path = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ALLUSERSPROFILE");

(2)获取参数：

foreach (DictionaryEntry de in Environment.GetEnvironmentVariables())
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("  {0} = {1}", de.Key, de.Value);
                }

(3)输出参数列表：

Path = D:\Program Files\Sun\OPhone SDK\tools;D:\Program Files\Sun\android-sdk-windows-1.5_r2\tools;D:\Program

Files\Sun\SDK\jdk\bin;D:\Program Files\Sun\SDK\jdk\jre\bin;E:\oracle\ora92\bin;C:\Program Files\Oracle\jre\1.3.1\bin;C:\Program

Files\Oracle\jre\1.1.8\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Intel\DMIX;C:\Program

Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\binn\;D:\Program Files\CodeSmith\v5.0\;D:\Program Files\Symantec\pcAnywhere\;C:\Program

Files\Ixia\IxChariot;D:\Program Files\Sun\SDK\bin;
  TEMP = C:\DOCUME~1\gmj\LOCALS~1\Temp
  SESSIONNAME = Console
  PATHEXT = .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH
  USERDOMAIN = EVER62
  PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE = x86
  SystemDrive = C:
  APPDATA = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj\Application Data
  JSERV = E:\oracle\ora92/Apache/Jserv/conf
  windir = C:\WINDOWS
  _ACP_INCLUDE = D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\include;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8

\VC\atlmfc\include;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\include;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8

\SDK\v2.0\include
  TMP = C:\DOCUME~1\gmj\LOCALS~1\Temp
  USERPROFILE = C:\Documents and Settings\gmj
  ProgramFiles = C:\Program Files
  FP_NO_HOST_CHECK = NO
  HOMEPATH = \Documents and Settings\gmj
  COMPUTERNAME = EVER62
  _ACP_PATH = D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\bin;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8

\VC\PlatformSDK\bin;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\Tools\bin;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8

\Common7\tools;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\ide;C:\Program Files\HTML Help Workshop;D:\Program

Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\SDK\v2.0\bin;C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual

Studio 8\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\\SDK\v2.0\bin;C:\WINDOWS\SysWow64;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio

8\Team Tools\Static Analysis Tools\FxCop\;D:\Program Files\Sun\OPhone SDK\tools;D:\Program Files\Sun\android-sdk-windows-1.5_r2

\tools;D:\Program Files\Sun\SDK\jdk\bin;D:\Program Files\Sun\SDK\jdk\jre\bin;E:\oracle\ora92\bin;C:\Program

Files\Oracle\jre\1.3.1\bin;C:\Program Files\Oracle\jre\1.1.8\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32

\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Intel\DMIX;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\binn\;D:\Program Files\CodeSmith\v5.0

\;D:\Program Files\Symantec\pcAnywhere\;C:\Program Files\Ixia\IxChariot;D:\Program Files\Sun\SDK\bin;
  USERNAME = gmj
  NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS = 2
  PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER = x86 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 6, GenuineIntel
  _ACP_LIB = D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8

\VC\atlmfc\lib;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\lib\i386;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8

\VC\PlatformSDK\lib;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\SDK\v2.0\lib;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8

\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\lib
  WecVersionForRosebud.DA8 = 2
  SystemRoot = C:\WINDOWS
  ComSpec = C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe
  LOGONSERVER = http://www.cnblogs.com/xinyuxin912/***
  VS80COMNTOOLS = D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\Tools\
  _ACP_ATLPROV = D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\Bin\ATLProv.dll
  WV_GATEWAY_CFG = E:\oracle\ora92\Apache\modplsql\cfg\wdbsvr.app
  CommonProgramFiles = C:\Program Files\Common Files
  PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 6
  PROCESSOR_REVISION = 1706
  CLIENTNAME = Console
  ALLUSERSPROFILE = C:\Documents and Settings\All Users
  VS90COMNTOOLS = D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\Tools\
  OS = Windows_NT
  HOMEDRIVE = C:
合计：37行

三、调用shell32中的SHGetSpecialFolderPath

需要引用"System.Runtime.InteropServices”命名空间。

(1)使用方法：

[DllImport("shell32.dll")]
static extern bool SHGetSpecialFolderPath(IntPtr hwndOwner,[Out] StringBuilder lpszPath, int nFolder, bool fCreate);

const int CSIDL_PROGRAMS = 2;  // \Windows\Start Menu\Programs
StringBuilder pathBuilder = new StringBuilder(260);
SHGetSpecialFolderPath(IntPtr.Zero, pathBuilder, CSIDL_PROGRAMS, false);
string path = pathBuilder.ToString(); // should now hold the path

(2)参数列表：

Here's the full list of CSIDL's from ShlObj.h

constint CSIDL_DESKTOP                                         =0x0000;               // <desktop>
constint CSIDL_INTERNET                                        =0x0001;               // Internet Explorer (icon on desktop)
constint CSIDL_PROGRAMS                                          =0x0002;             // Start Menu\Programs
constint CSIDL_CONTROLS                                          =0x0003;             // My Computer\Control Panel
constint CSIDL_PRINTERS                                          =0x0004;             // My Computer\Printers
constint CSIDL_PERSONAL                                          =0x0005;             // My Documents
constint CSIDL_FAVORITES                                       =0x0006;               // <user name>\Favorites
constint CSIDL_STARTUP                                 =0x0007;               // Start Menu\Programs\Startup
constint CSIDL_RECENT                                    =0x0008;             // <user name>\Recent
constint CSIDL_SENDTO                                    =0x0009;             // <user name>\SendTo
constint CSIDL_BITBUCKET                                  =0x000a;            // <desktop>\Recycle Bin
constint CSIDL_STARTMENU                                  =0x000b;            // <user name>\Start Menu
constint CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS                              = CSIDL_PERSONAL;//  Personal was just a silly name for My Documents
constint CSIDL_MYMUSIC                                  =0x000d;              // "My Music" folder
constint CSIDL_MYVIDEO                                  =0x000e;              // "My Videos" folder
constint CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY                        =0x0010;               // <user name>\Desktop
constint CSIDL_DRIVES                                    =0x0011;             // My Computer
constint CSIDL_NETWORK                                  =0x0012;              // Network Neighborhood (My Network Places)
constint CSIDL_NETHOOD                                  =0x0013;              // <user name>\nethood
constint CSIDL_FONTS                                      =0x0014;            // windows\fonts
constint CSIDL_TEMPLATES                                  =0x0015;
constint CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU                        =0x0016;               // All Users\Start Menu
constint CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS                  =0x0017;              // All Users\Start Menu\Programs
constint CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP                    =0x0018;             // All Users\Startup
constint CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY  =0x0019;              // All Users\Desktop
constint CSIDL_APPDATA                                  =0x001a;              // <user name>\Application Data
constint CSIDL_PRINTHOOD                                  =0x001b;            // <user name>\PrintHood
constint CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA                      =0x001c;            // <user name>\Local Settings\Applicaiton Data (non roaming)
constint CSIDL_ALTSTARTUP                                =0x001d;             // non localized startup
constint CSIDL_COMMON_ALTSTARTUP                  =0x001e;            // non localized common startup
constint CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES                        =0x001f;
constint CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE                    =0x0020;
constint CSIDL_COOKIES                                  =0x0021;
constint CSIDL_HISTORY                                  =0x0022;
constint CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA                    =0x0023;             // All Users\Application Data
constint CSIDL_WINDOWS                                  =0x0024;              // GetWindowsDirectory()
constint CSIDL_SYSTEM                                    =0x0025;             // GetSystemDirectory()
constint CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES                      =0x0026;            // C:\Program Files
constint CSIDL_MYPICTURES                                =0x0027;             // C:\Program Files\My Pictures
constint CSIDL_PROFILE                                  =0x0028;              // USERPROFILE
constint CSIDL_SYSTEMX86                                  =0x0029;            // x86 system directory on RISC
constint CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILESX86                        =0x002a;               // x86 C:\Program Files on RISC
constint CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON            =0x002b;               // C:\Program Files\Common
constint CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMONX86  =0x002c;              // x86 Program Files\Common on RISC
constint CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES                        =0x002d;               // All Users\Templates
constint CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS                        =0x002e;               // All Users\Documents
constint CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS                  =0x002f;            // All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
constint CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS                                =0x0030;             // <user name>\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
constint CSIDL_CONNECTIONS                              =0x0031;              // Network and Dial-up Connections
constint CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC                            =0x0035;               // All Users\My Music
constint CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES                  =0x0036;              // All Users\My Pictures
constint CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO                            =0x0037;               // All Users\My Video
constint CSIDL_RESOURCES                                  =0x0038;            // Resource Direcotry
constint CSIDL_RESOURCES_LOCALIZED              =0x0039;              // Localized Resource Direcotry
constint CSIDL_COMMON_OEM_LINKS                        =0x003a;               // Links to All Users OEM specific apps
constint CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA                              =0x003b;              // USERPROFILE\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\CD Burning
constint CSIDL_COMPUTERSNEARME                  =0x003d;              // Computers Near Me (computered from Workgroup membership)
constint CSIDL_FLAG_CREATE                              =0x8000;              // combine with CSIDL_ value to force folder creation in SHGetFolderPath()
constint CSIDL_FLAG_DONT_VERIFY                        =0x4000;               // combine with CSIDL_ value to return an unverified folder path
constint CSIDL_FLAG_DONT_UNEXPAND                =0x2000;             // combine with CSIDL_ value to avoid unexpanding environment variables
constint CSIDL_FLAG_NO_ALIAS                      =0x1000;            // combine with CSIDL_ value to insure non-alias versions of the pidl
constint CSIDL_FLAG_PER_USER_INIT                =0x0800;             // combine with CSIDL_ value to indicate per-user init (eg. upgrade)

四、期待.net4.0

还没装.net4.0呢，好像已经扩展了SpecialFolder，比如我要获取 "C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\「开始」菜单\程序",则可以直接使用

string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.CommonPrograms);

没实际验证过，如果您验证了帮我补充一

Example:

// C:\Users\USERNAME\Documents

string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments);

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