[转]Infobright是一个与MySQL集成的开源数据仓库

[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v1.1 最后修改：2010.05.18 转载请注明原文链接：http://blog.zyan.cc/infobright/]

　　Infobright是一个与MySQL集成的开源数据仓库（Data Warehouse）软件，可作为MySQL的一个存储引擎来使用，SELECT查询与普通MySQL无区别。

　　一、Infobright的基本特征：
　　优点：
　　查询性能高：百万、千万、亿级记录数条件下，同等的SELECT查询语句，速度比MyISAM、InnoDB等普通的MySQL存储引擎快5～60倍
　　存储数据量大：TB级数据大小，几十亿条记录
　　高压缩比：在我们的项目中为18:1，极大地节省了数据存储空间
　　基于列存储：无需建索引，无需分区
　　适合复杂的分析性SQL查询：SUM, COUNT, AVG, GROUP BY

　　限制：
　　不支持数据更新：社区版Infobright只能使用“LOAD DATA INFILE”的方式导入数据，不支持INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE
　　不支持高并发：只能支持10多个并发查询

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　　二、Infobright 安装与基本用法：
　　1、下载安装社区版Infobright二进制Linux版本，端口3307

ulimit -SHn 65535
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3307
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

cd /usr/local

　　①、64位系统：

wget http://www.infobright.org/downloads/ice/infobright-3.3.1-x86_64-ice.tar.gz
tar zxvf infobright-3.3.1-x86_64-ice.tar.gz
mv infobright-3.3.1-x86_64 infobright

　　②、32位系统：

wget http://www.infobright.org/downloads/ice/infobright-3.3.1-i686-ice.tar.gz
tar zxvf infobright-3.3.1-i686-ice.tar.gz
mv infobright-3.3.1-i686 infobright

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cd infobright
./install-infobright.sh --datadir=/data0/mysql/3307/data --cachedir=/data0/mysql/3307/cache --config=/data0/mysql/3307/my.cnf --port=3307 --socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock --user=mysql --group=mysql

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　　2、开始安装，提示以下信息：
Infobright installation script is running...
Checking system configuration...
Infobright license agreement...
System tool 'Less' - a text file viewer will be used to display license agreement.
Please only use up/down arrow keys for scrolling license text and press Q when finished reading.
Press R -Read license agreement, N -Exit the installation [R/N]:

　　选择R，空格翻页到页尾，看到以下提示时，选择Q继续安装：

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

============ Press Q to continue installation ==========
(END)

　　接下来会显示以下信息，选择Y同意：
Press Y -I agree, Any other key -I do not agree [Y/*]:

　　这时，会提示是否在线注册，选择N不注册：
Installation has been made for system user root and mysql.
Please see README or User guide for instructions related to start/stop the Infobright server and connect to it.
Register your copy of ICE and receive a free copy of the User Manual (a $50 value) as well as a copy of the Bloor Research Spotlight Report "What's Cool About Columns" which explains the differences and benefits of a columnar versus row database.
Registration will require opening an HTTP connection to Infobright, do you wish to register now? [Y/N]:

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　　3、修改Infobright内存使用限制

vi /data0/mysql/3307/data/brighthouse.ini

　　根据自身的物理内存大小修改ServerMainHeapSize、ServerCompressedHeapSize、LoaderMainHeapSize的值，有参考：

############  Critical Memory Settings ############
# System Memory    Server Main Heap Size     Server Compressed Heap Size   Loader Main Heap Size
# 32GB                 24000                      4000                       800
# 16GB                 10000                      1000                       800
#  8GB                  4000                       500                       800
#  4GB                  1300                       400                       400
#  2GB                  600                        250                       320

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　　4、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：

vi /data0/mysql/3307/mysql

　　输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：

#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3307
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"

function_start_mysql()
{
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    cd /usr/local/infobright/ && /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    cd /usr/local/infobright/ && ./bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql${mysql_port}.sock shutdown
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 5
    function_start_mysql
}

function_kill_mysql()
{
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
    function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
    function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi

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　　5、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：

chmod +x /data0/mysql/3307/mysql

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　　6、启动MySQL/Infobright：

/data0/mysql/3307/mysql start

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　　7、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：

/usr/local/infobright/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock

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　　8、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

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　　9、示例：从普通的MySQL数据库（假设MySQL安装路径为/usr/local/webserver/mysql）导出数据到csv文件：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock -D tongji_logs -e "select * from log_visits_2010_05_10 into outfile '/data0/test.csv' FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '\"'  ESCAPED BY '\\\' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';"

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　　10、示例：普通MySQL和Infobright建表对比
　　①、普通MySQL的InnoDB存储引擎建表：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `log_visits_2010_05_12` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cate_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `site_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `visitor_localtime` char(8) NOT NULL,
  `visitor_idcookie` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `cate_site_id` (`cate_id`,`site_id`),
  KEY `visitor_localtime` (`visitor_localtime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

　　②、Infobright的BRIGHTHOUSE存储引擎建表：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `log_visits` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `cate_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `site_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `visitor_localtime` char(8) NOT NULL,
  `visitor_idcookie` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
) ENGINE=BRIGHTHOUSE DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

　　注：BRIGHTHOUSE存储引擎建表时不能有AUTO_INCREMENT自增、unsigned无符号、unique唯一、主键PRIMARY KEY、索引KEY。

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　　11、示例：从csv文件导入数据到Infobright数据仓库：

/usr/local/infobright/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock -D dw --skip-column-names -e "LOAD DATA INFILE '/data0/test.csv' INTO TABLE log_visits_2010_04_13 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ESCAPED BY '\\\' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';"

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　　12、示例：普通MySQL和Infobright查询速度对比（共220多万条记录）：
　　①、普通MySQL的InnoDB存储引擎（已建索引）：

mysql> SELECT config_browser_name, count(*) AS total FROM `browser_info` GROUP BY config_browser_name order by total DESC;
+---------------------+---------+
| config_browser_name | total   |
+---------------------+---------+
| IE                  | 2204016 | 
| CH                  |   20650 | 
| FF                  |   10475 | 
| MO                  |    6147 | 
| OT                  |    1631 | 
| OP                  |    1282 | 
| SF                  |     797 | 
| KM                  |       5 | 
| KO                  |       2 | 
+---------------------+---------+
9 rows in set (1 min 28.13 sec)

　　②、Infobright的BRIGHTHOUSE存储引擎：

mysql> SELECT config_browser_name, count(*) AS total FROM `browser_info` GROUP BY config_browser_name order by total DESC;
+---------------------+---------+
| config_browser_name | total   |
+---------------------+---------+
| IE                  | 2204016 | 
| CH                  |   20650 | 
| FF                  |   10475 | 
| MO                  |    6147 | 
| OT                  |    1631 | 
| OP                  |    1282 | 
| SF                  |     797 | 
| KM                  |       5 | 
| KO                  |       2 | 
+---------------------+---------+
9 rows in set (0.84 sec)

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　　13、（可选）停止MySQL/Infobright：

/data0/mysql/3307/mysql stop