freemarker报错之二

1、错误描述

五月 27, 2014 12:07:05 上午 freemarker.log.JDK14LoggerFactory$JDK14Logger error
严重: Template processing error: "Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.\u003Cformat> or ?string(format) built-in with this date."

Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${student.studentBirthday} [on line 17, column 12 in student.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.template.TemplateModelException: Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
	at freemarker.core.Environment.formatDate(Environment.java:776)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:105)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
	at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFtl(FreemarkerTemplate.java:77)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.student(FreemarkerTest.java:125)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testStudent(FreemarkerTest.java:111)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${student.studentBirthday} [on line 17, column 12 in student.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.template.TemplateModelException: Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
	at freemarker.core.Environment.formatDate(Environment.java:776)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:105)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
	at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFtl(FreemarkerTemplate.java:77)
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>学生信息</title>

    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

  </head>

  <body>
    	姓名：张三丰
     	性别：男
     	年龄：34
     	生日：
Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${student.studentBirthday} [on line 17, column 12 in student.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.template.TemplateModelException: Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
	at freemarker.core.Environment.formatDate(Environment.java:776)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:105)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
	at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFtl(FreemarkerTemplate.java:77)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.student(FreemarkerTest.java:125)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testStudent(FreemarkerTest.java:111)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.student(FreemarkerTest.java:125)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testStudent(FreemarkerTest.java:111)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
五月 27, 2014 12:07:05 上午 freemarker.log.JDK14LoggerFactory$JDK14Logger error
严重: Template processing error: "Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.\u003Cformat> or ?string(format) built-in with this date."

Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${student.studentBirthday} [on line 17, column 12 in student.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.template.TemplateModelException: Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
	at freemarker.core.Environment.formatDate(Environment.java:776)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:105)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
	at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFile(FreemarkerTemplate.java:109)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.studentFile(FreemarkerTest.java:139)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testStudent(FreemarkerTest.java:112)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${student.studentBirthday} [on line 17, column 12 in student.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.template.TemplateModelException: Can't convert the date to string, because it is not known which parts of the date variable are in use. Use ?date, ?time or ?datetime built-in, or ?string.<format> or ?string(format) built-in with this date.
	at freemarker.core.Environment.formatDate(Environment.java:776)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:105)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
	at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFile(FreemarkerTemplate.java:109)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.studentFile(FreemarkerTest.java:139)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testStudent(FreemarkerTest.java:112)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

2、错误原因

不能将Date类型直接转化为String类型

3、解决办法

将日期类型后面添加如下：

原来：生日：${student.studentBirthday}

修改后：生日：${(student.studentBirthday)?string("yyyy-MM-dd")}