linux磁盘管理系列一：磁盘配额管理

磁盘管理系列

linux磁盘管理系列一：磁盘配额管理 http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_040_quota.html

linux磁盘管理系列二：软RAID的实现 http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_041_raid.html

linux磁盘管理系列三：LVM的使用 http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_042_lvm.html

1 前言

在linux系统中，由于是多用户、多任务的环境，如果有少数几个用户大量使用磁盘空间，导致其他用户的正常使用，因此需要对各个用户的磁盘空间进行管理和限定。

2 quota的用途

限制某一个用户的最大磁盘配额

3 quota的使用限制

仅能针对整个文件系统
内核必须支持
只对一般用户生效
这里提供一个样例，针对样例对quota的配置管理做个描述

4 案例讲解

4.1案例描述

创建5个用户user1,user2,user3,user4,user5，密码和用户名相同，初始组为usergrp组。
5个用户都可以取得300M的磁盘使用空间，文件数量不限。超过250M,给于提示。
usergrp这个组内成员最大使用空间1GB。
如果有用户超过soft限制，给14天的宽限时间。

4.2 准备磁盘

[root@mail ~]# fdisk -l      #查看磁盘情况

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB,  bytes,  sectors

Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes

Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000bd275

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *                       Linux

/dev/sda2                    8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB,  bytes,  sectors

Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes

Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 39.7 GB,  bytes,  sectors

Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes

Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap:  MB,  bytes,  sectors

Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes

Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

[root@mail ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb     #对sdb这个盘进行分区，这里就分一个区

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xbcd17d69.

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary ( primary,  extended,  free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (-, default ):

First sector (-, default ):

Using default value

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):

Using default value

Partition  of type Linux and of size  GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB,  bytes,  sectors

Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes

Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xbcd17d69

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1                         Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@mail ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42. (-Dec-)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size= (log=)

Fragment size= (log=)

Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks

 inodes,  blocks

 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=

Maximum filesystem blocks=

 block groups

 blocks per group,  fragments per group

 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

    , , , , , , , 

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal ( blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[root@mail ~]# mkdir /mnt/home          #创建一个目录

[root@mail ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/home   #测试挂载下

4.4.创建用户

[root@mail ~]# vim adduserbat.sh #创建一个添加用户的脚本

[root@mail ~]# cat adduserbat.sh #确认下脚本

#!/bin/bash

groupadd usergrp

for user in user1 user2 user3 user4 user5

useradd -g usergrp -b /mnt/home $user

echo $user |passwd --stdin $user

done

[root@mail ~]# sh adduserbat.sh #运行脚本去创建用户

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.

Not copying any file from skel directory into it.