C语言集锦（三）Direct3D和GDI+的例子

0.前言

　　有些时候你可能想了解，如何用纯C语言来写Direct3D和GDI+的Demo。注意，下面的Direct3D例子不适用于TCC编译器，GDI+的例子是可以的。

1.Direct3D C语言的例子

　　几乎所有的D3D例子都是用COM和C++写的。C语言可以用D3D吗，StackOverflow上给出了答案：directx-programming-in-c。

 hr = IDirect3D9_GetDeviceCaps(d3d, D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &d3dcaps9);
 hr = IDirect3D9_GetAdapterDisplayMode(d3d, D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm);
 hr = IDirect3D9_CreateDevice(d3d, D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, game_window, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING | D3DCREATE_MULTITHREADED, &d3dpp, &d3d_dev);

　　按照这种格式，可以用C语言写出Direct3D的Demo:

 #include<d3d9.h>  

 #pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")   

 #define WINDOW_CLASS "UGPDX"
 #define WINDOW_NAME  "Drawing Lines"  

 // Function Prototypes...
 BOOL InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, BOOL fullscreen);
 BOOL InitializeObjects();
 void RenderScene();
 void Shutdown();

 // Direct3D object and device.
 LPDIRECT3D9 g_D3D = NULL;
 LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_D3DDevice = NULL;

 // Vertex buffer to hold the geometry.
 LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_VertexBuffer = NULL;

 // A structure for our custom vertex type
 typedef struct
 {
     float x, y, z, rhw;
     unsigned long color;
 }stD3DVertex;

 // Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure.
 #define D3DFVF_VERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)   

 LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
 {
     switch (msg)
     {
     case WM_DESTROY:
         PostQuitMessage();
         return ;
         break;

     case WM_KEYUP:
         if (wp == VK_ESCAPE) PostQuitMessage();
         break;
     }

     return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wp, lp);
 }

 int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE prevhInst,
     LPSTR cmdLine, int show)
 {
     // Register the window class
     WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc,
         , , GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW),
         NULL, NULL, WINDOW_CLASS, NULL };
     RegisterClassEx(&wc);

     // Create the application's window
     HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS, WINDOW_NAME,
         WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, , ,
         , , GetDesktopWindow(), NULL,
         wc.hInstance, NULL);

     // Initialize Direct3D
     if (InitializeD3D(hWnd, FALSE))
     {
         // Show the window
         ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
         UpdateWindow(hWnd);

         // Enter the message loop
         MSG msg;
         ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));

         while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
         {
             if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
             {
                 TranslateMessage(&msg);
                 DispatchMessage(&msg);
             }
             else
                 RenderScene();
         }
     }

     // Release any and all resources.
     Shutdown();

     // Unregister our window.
     UnregisterClass(WINDOW_CLASS, wc.hInstance);
     return ;
 }

 BOOL InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, BOOL fullscreen)
 {
     D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

     // Create the D3D object.
     g_D3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
     if (g_D3D == NULL) return FALSE;

     // Get the desktop display mode.
     if (FAILED(IDirect3D9_GetAdapterDisplayMode(g_D3D,D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
         &displayMode))) return FALSE;

     // Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice
     D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
     ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));

     if (fullscreen)
     {
         d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
         d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = ;
         d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = ;
     }
     else
         d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
     d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
     d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = displayMode.Format;

     // Create the D3DDevice
     if (FAILED(IDirect3D9_CreateDevice(g_D3D,D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
         D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
         &d3dpp, &g_D3DDevice))) return FALSE;

     // Initialize any objects we will be displaying.
     if (!InitializeObjects()) return FALSE;

     return TRUE;
 }

 BOOL InitializeObjects()
 {
     unsigned long col = D3DCOLOR_XRGB(, , );

     // Fill in our structure to draw an object.
     // x, y, z, rhw, color.
     stD3DVertex objData[] =
     {
         { 420.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
         { 420.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
         { 220.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
         { 220.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
     };

     // Create the vertex buffer.
     if (FAILED(IDirect3DDevice9_CreateVertexBuffer(g_D3DDevice,sizeof(objData), ,
         D3DFVF_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_VertexBuffer,
         NULL))) return FALSE;

     // Fill the vertex buffer.
     void *ptr;

     if (FAILED(IDirect3DVertexBuffer9_Lock(g_VertexBuffer,, sizeof(objData),
         (void**)&ptr, ))) return FALSE;

     memcpy(ptr, objData, sizeof(objData));

     IDirect3DVertexBuffer9_Unlock(g_VertexBuffer);

     return TRUE;
 }

 void RenderScene()
 {
     // Clear the backbuffer.
     IDirect3DDevice9_Clear(g_D3DDevice,, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET,
         D3DCOLOR_XRGB(, , ), 1.0f, );

     // Begin the scene.  Start rendering.
    IDirect3DDevice9_BeginScene(g_D3DDevice);

     // Render object.
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetStreamSource(g_D3DDevice,, g_VertexBuffer, ,
         sizeof(stD3DVertex));
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetFVF(g_D3DDevice,D3DFVF_VERTEX);
    IDirect3DDevice9_DrawPrimitive(g_D3DDevice,D3DPT_LINELIST, , );

     // End the scene.  Stop rendering.
    IDirect3DDevice9_EndScene(g_D3DDevice);

     // Display the scene.
     IDirect3DDevice9_Present(g_D3DDevice,NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 }

 void Shutdown()
 {
     if (g_D3DDevice != NULL) IDirect3DDevice9_Release(g_D3DDevice);
     if (g_D3D != NULL) IDirect3D9_Release(g_D3D);
     if (g_VertexBuffer != NULL) IDirect3DVertexBuffer9_Release(g_VertexBuffer);

     g_D3DDevice = NULL;
     g_D3D = NULL;
     g_VertexBuffer = NULL;
 }

　　这里只是画了两条平行的线段，作为一个例子：

　　

2.GDI+ C语言的例子

　　参考来源：http://blog.csdn.net/zuishikonghuan/article/details/47251225

　　直接使用gdiplus的头文件，编译会报错。虽然gdiplus.dll本身是用C语言写的，但是官方只提供了C++的友好的接口，函数比较少的话，可以自己做函数声明，避免编译错误。

 //tcc -run gdiplus.c
 #include <windows.h>
 #pragma comment(lib,"gdiplus")

 //GDI+Flat
 typedef struct _GdiplusStartupInput
 {
     unsigned int GdiplusVersion;
     unsigned int DebugEventCallback;
     BOOL SuppressBackgroundThread;
     BOOL SuppressExternalCodecs;
 }GdiplusStartupInput;

 int WINAPI GdiplusStartup(int* token, GdiplusStartupInput *input, int *output);
 void WINAPI GdiplusShutdown(int token);
 int WINAPI GdipCreateFromHDC(HDC hdc, int* graphics);
 int WINAPI GdipDeleteGraphics(int graphics);
 //画笔
 int WINAPI GdipCreatePen1(unsigned int argb_color, float width, int unit, int** pen);
 int WINAPI GdipDeletePen(int* pen);
 int WINAPI GdipDrawRectangle(int graphics, int* pen, float x, float y, float width, float height);
 int WINAPI GdipDrawLine(int graphics, int* pen, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2);

 int token;
 int* pen;

 //*************************************************************
 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

 WNDCLASS wc;
 const TCHAR* AppName = TEXT("MyWindowClass1");
 HWND hwnd1;

 int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
     LPTSTR    lpCmdLine,
     int       nCmdShow)
 {
     //GDI+开启
     GdiplusStartupInput StartupInput = {  };
     StartupInput.GdiplusVersion = ;
     if (GdiplusStartup(&token, &StartupInput, NULL))MessageBox(, TEXT("GdiPlus开启失败"), TEXT("错误"), MB_ICONERROR);

     //这里是在构建窗口类结构
     wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
     wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;//窗口回调函数指针
     wc.cbClsExtra = ;
     wc.cbWndExtra = ;
     wc.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄
     wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, TEXT("ICON_1"));
     wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//默认指针
     wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW);//默认背景颜色
     wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
     wc.lpszClassName = AppName;//窗口类名

                                //注册窗口类
     if (!RegisterClass(&wc))
     {
         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("注册窗口类失败!"), TEXT("错误"), MB_ICONERROR);
         return ;
     }

     //创建窗口
     int style = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
     hwnd1 = CreateWindow(AppName, TEXT("窗口标题"), style, , , , , ,NULL, hInstance, );
     if (hwnd1 == NULL)
     {
         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("创建窗口失败!"), TEXT("错误"), MB_ICONERROR);
         return ;
     }
     //无边框窗口
     /*SetWindowLong(hwnd1, GWL_STYLE, WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS);*/

     //显示、更新窗口
     ShowWindow(hwnd1, nCmdShow);
     UpdateWindow(hwnd1);

     //消息循环
     MSG msg;
     while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , ))
     {
         TranslateMessage(&msg);
         DispatchMessage(&msg);
     }

     //GDI+关闭
     GdiplusShutdown(token);//可以把这个写在消息循环后面，程序退出就销毁，或者在不需要GDI+时调用，比如GDI+窗口的WM_DESTROY消息里调用
     return msg.wParam;
 }

 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
 {
     HDC hdc;
     PAINTSTRUCT ps;
     switch (uMsg)
     {

         case WM_PAINT:

             hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

             int graphics;
             GdipCreateFromHDC(hdc, &graphics);//创建Graphics对象
             GdipCreatePen1(0x60FF2015, , , &pen);//创建画笔
             GdipDrawRectangle(graphics, pen, , , , );//画矩形
             GdipDrawLine(graphics, pen, , , , );//画直线

             GdipDeletePen(pen);//销毁画笔
             GdipDeleteGraphics(graphics);//销毁Graphics对象

             EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
             return ;//告诉系统，WM_PAINT消息我已经处理了，你那儿凉快哪儿玩去吧。
         case WM_CREATE:
             break;
         case WM_DESTROY://窗口已经销毁
             PostQuitMessage();//退出消息循环，结束应用程序
             return ;
             break;
         case WM_LBUTTONDOWN://鼠标左键按下
                             //让无边框窗口能够拖动(在窗口客户区拖动)
             PostMessage(hwnd, WM_SYSCOMMAND, , );
             break;
             /*case WM_MOUSEMOVE://鼠标移动
             int xPos, yPos;
             xPos = GET_X_LPARAM(lParam);//鼠标位置X坐标
             yPos = GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam);//鼠标位置Y坐标
             //不要用LOWORD和HIWORD获取坐标，因为坐标有可能是负的
             break;*/
         default:
             break;
     }
     return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);//其他消息交给系统处理
 }