配置Anaconda环境

1. 帮助信息

• 命令行下执行"conda -h"或“conda --help”可以获得帮助信息；
• 命令行下执行"conda <argument> -h"或“conda <argument> --help”可以获得具体参数的帮助信息；

conda --help
usage: conda [-h] [-V] command ...

conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.

Options:

positional arguments:
  command
    info         Display information about current conda install.
    help         Displays a list of available conda commands and their help
                 strings.
    list         List linked packages in a conda environment.
    search       Search for packages and display their information. The input
                 is a Python regular expression. To perform a search with a
                 search string that starts with a -, separate the search from
                 the options with --, like 'conda search -- -h'. A * in the
                 results means that package is installed in the current
                 environment. A . means that package is not installed but is
                 cached in the pkgs directory.
    create       Create a new conda environment from a list of specified
                 packages.
    install      Installs a list of packages into a specified conda
                 environment.
    update       Updates conda packages to the latest compatible version. This
                 command accepts a list of package names and updates them to
                 the latest versions that are compatible with all other
                 packages in the environment. Conda attempts to install the
                 newest versions of the requested packages. To accomplish
                 this, it may update some packages that are already installed,
                 or install additional packages. To prevent existing packages
                 from updating, use the --no-update-deps option. This may
                 force conda to install older versions of the requested
                 packages, and it does not prevent additional dependency
                 packages from being installed. If you wish to skip dependency
                 checking altogether, use the '--force' option. This may
                 result in an environment with incompatible packages, so this
                 option must be used with great caution.
    upgrade      Alias for conda update. See conda update --help.
    remove       Remove a list of packages from a specified conda environment.
    uninstall    Alias for conda remove. See conda remove --help.
    config       Modify configuration values in .condarc. This is modeled
                 after the git config command. Writes to the user .condarc
                 file (C:\Users\WQBin\.condarc) by default.
    clean        Remove unused packages and caches.
    package      Low-level conda package utility. (EXPERIMENTAL)

optional arguments:
  -h, --help     Show this help message and exit.
  -V, --version  Show the conda version number and exit.

other commands, such as "conda build", are available when additional conda
packages (e.g. conda-build) are installed

2. 添加Conda代理和国内镜像

根据“conda -h”的提示信息，修改配置文件（如果没有，可以创建）

这里为“C:\Users\WQBin\.condarc”

它说这个命令和git的一样，我去。。。git我也不太熟

conda源操作的基本命令：

conda config --show                查看当前所有配置
conda config --show-sources        查看当前使用源
conda config --remove channels     删除指定源
conda config --add channels        加指定源

我已经添加了。正常来说用户只有default

 

1.设置代理

向文件C:\Users\WQBin\.condarc中添加如下：

proxy_servers:
    http: http://10.144.1.10:8080
    https: http://10.144.1.10:8080

2.添加国内镜像源（国内清华大学镜像）

conda config --add channels     https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels     https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

3.设置Conda环境和缓存的路径（一般不用设置）

默认情况下，Conda创建的新环境以及过往安装的模块缓存都存储在用户目录。
默认信息不会在Conda（user-specific）配置文件“$HOME/.condarc”中体现，但可通过"conda info"查看，包括默认环境路径、默认缓存路径、Conda源设置等。
添加或修改“$HOME/.condarc”中的“env_dirs”和“pkgs_dirs”配置项，可以设置conda环境和缓存（envs directories 和 package cache）的默认路径。
按顺序第一个路径作为默认存储路径，搜索环境和缓存时按先后顺序在各目录中查找。

例如：在“$HOME/.condarc”中添加如下路径

解释如下：

按顺序第一个路径作为默认存储路径，搜索环境和缓存时按先后顺序在各目录中查找

如果要改动有两种方法

方法一、在“$HOME/.condarc”中添加如下路径

envs_dirs:
  - D:\xxx\xxx\envs  # 按顺序第一个路径作为默认存储路径，搜索环境和缓存时按先后顺序在各目录中查找
  - C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs
  - C:\Users\xxx\.conda\envs
pkgs_dirs:
  - D:\xxx\anaconda3\pkgs
  - C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs

方法二、

使用conda命令指定存放路径：

conda config --add envs_dirs <环境位置绝对路径>  # 添加环境位置
conda config --add pkgs_dirs <包位置绝对路径>  # 添加包位置

4 管理Python包

4.1 升级所有工具包

安装完成后，可以对所有工具包进行升级，在命令行执行“conda upgrade --all”，询问是否安装升级版本时，输入y。

4.2 常用命令

conda install <package_name>         安装包
conda install numpy scipy pandas     同时安装多个包
conda install numpy=1.10             安装包的指定版本
conda install anaconda               在当前环境安装anaconda集合包

conda remove <package_name>   移除包
conda update <package_name>   升级包

conda list                    查看当前环境已安装的包信息
conda search <package_name>   查询包信息
conda search <search_term>    模糊查询包信息

conda install --name <env_name> <package_name>   在指定环境安装的包信息
conda remove  --name <env_name> <package_name>   移除指定环境的包
conda update  --name <env_name> <package_name>   升级指定环境的包
conda list --name <env_name>                     查看指定环境的已安装的包信息

conda update conda      更新conda
conda update anaconda   更新anaconda
conda update python     更新Python

4.3 通过pip来管理包

注意：conda和pip都是对当前环境进行安装、升级和卸载包的操作。

1. 设置允许pip访问conda包管理，执行命令“conda config --set use_pip True”；

2.也可以在“C:\Users\WQBin\.condarc”添加  use_pip: true

3. 激活其中的一个运行环境

4. 在激活的运行环境中，执行pip命令来管理包，可以通过“--proxy”参数设置代理地址；

 

5- 管理Python环境

如果安装了 Python3 版本的 Anaconda 后，默认的 root 环境是 Python3；

5.1 常用命令

conda create --name <env_name>  <list of packages>    创建新环境
conda create --name testpy2 python=2.7 pandas         创建名为testpy2的运行环境，并安装pandas包及其依赖包
conda create --name testpy36 python=3.6 anaconda      创建名为testpy36的运行环境，并安装anaconda集合包（conda默认环境）

conda env remove --name <env_name>    删除环境
conda env list                    显示所有的环境

conda info                        显示当前安装的conda信息
conda info --envs                 显示所有运行环境

source activate <env_name>    激活（进入）环境
source deactivate             去激活（退出）当前环境

5.2 分享运行环境

为了保证代码可以正确运行，分享代码的同时，也需要将运行环境分享；

通过conda可将当前环境下的 package 信息存入YAML 文件， 当执行他人的代码时，可使用此YAML文件创建同样的运行环境；

conda env export > BackupEnv.yaml    将当前运行环境的package信息导出到名为BackupEnv的YAML文件
conda env create --force BackupEnv.yaml   使用YAML文件创建运行环境

5.3 完整示例

创建运行环境---》查看运行环境---》进入运行环境---》退出运行环境---》删除运行环境

$ py --version   # 当前默认python版本
Python 3.7.1

$ conda create --name py27 python=2.7 pandas  # 创建名为py27的运行环境，并安装pandas包及其依赖包
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: D:\app\anaconda3\envs\py27    # 创建的运行环境的所在目录

  added / updated specs:  # conda仅安装pandas和python2.7相关的必须项（pandas的依赖项，python2.7, pip等）
    - pandas
    - python=2.7

The following packages will be downloaded:    # 将要下载当前没有的安装包

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    vc-9                       |       h7299396_1           3 KB
    python-dateutil-2.7.5      |           py27_0         275 KB
    pandas-0.23.4              |   py27h39f3610_0         8.8 MB
    pytz-2018.7                |           py27_0         250 KB
    certifi-2018.10.15         |           py27_0         139 KB
    setuptools-40.5.0          |           py27_0         653 KB
    numpy-root-1.15.4          |   py27h2753ae9_0         3.8 MB
    pip-18.1                   |           py27_0         1.8 MB
    vs2008_runtime-9.00.30729.1|       hfaea7d5_1        1017 KB
    wincertstore-0.2           |   py27hf04cefb_0          13 KB
    python-2.7.15              |       h2880e7c_3        20.3 MB
    six-1.11.0                 |           py27_1          21 KB
    numpy-1.15.4               |   py27hbe4291b_0          36 KB
    mkl_fft-1.0.6              |   py27hac4a418_0         120 KB
    wheel-0.32.2               |           py27_0          52 KB
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:        37.1 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:    # 将要安装的包

    blas:            1.0-mkl
    certifi:         2018.10.15-py27_0
    icc_rt:          2017.0.4-h97af966_0
    intel-openmp:    2019.0-118
    mkl:             2019.0-118
    mkl_fft:         1.0.6-py27hac4a418_0
    numpy:           1.15.4-py27hbe4291b_0
    numpy-root:      1.15.4-py27h2753ae9_0
    pandas:          0.23.4-py27h39f3610_0
    pip:             18.1-py27_0
    python:          2.7.15-h2880e7c_3
    python-dateutil: 2.7.5-py27_0
    pytz:            2018.7-py27_0
    setuptools:      40.5.0-py27_0
    six:             1.11.0-py27_1
    vc:              9-h7299396_1
    vs2008_runtime:  9.00.30729.1-hfaea7d5_1
    wheel:           0.32.2-py27_0
    wincertstore:    0.2-py27hf04cefb_0

Proceed ([y]/n)? y

Downloading and Extracting Packages
vc-9                 | 3 KB      | ######################################################################## | 100%
python-dateutil-2.7. | 275 KB    | ######################################################################## | 100%
pandas-0.23.4        | 8.8 MB    | ######################################################################## | 100%
pytz-2018.7          | 250 KB    | ######################################################################## | 100%
certifi-2018.10.15   | 139 KB    | ######################################################################## | 100%
setuptools-40.5.0    | 653 KB    | ######################################################################## | 100%
numpy-root-1.15.4    | 3.8 MB    | ######################################################################## | 100%
pip-18.1             | 1.8 MB    | ######################################################################## | 100%
vs2008_runtime-9.00. | 1017 KB   | ######################################################################## | 100%
wincertstore-0.2     | 13 KB     | ######################################################################## | 100%
python-2.7.15        | 20.3 MB   | ######################################################################## | 100%
six-1.11.0           | 21 KB     | ######################################################################## | 100%
numpy-1.15.4         | 36 KB     | ######################################################################## | 100%
mkl_fft-1.0.6        | 120 KB    | ######################################################################## | 100%
wheel-0.32.2         | 52 KB     | ######################################################################## | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use:
# > activate py27
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use:
# > deactivate
#
# * for power-users using bash, you must source
#

$ conda env list    # 显示所有运行环境
# conda environments:
#
root                  *  D:\app\anaconda3    # 星号表示是当前运行环境
py27                  D:\app\anaconda3\envs\py27

$ source activate py27    # 进入py27运行环境
(py27)

$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
root                     D:\app\anaconda3
py27               *  D:\app\anaconda3\envs\py27    # 星号表示是当前运行环境

(py27)

$ py --version
Python 3.7.1
(py27)    # 括号中显示当前的运行环境

$ conda info  # 显示conda信息

     active environment : py27
    active env location : D:\app\anaconda3\envs\py27
            shell level : 1
       user config file : C:\Users\WQBin\.condarc
 populated config files : C:\Users\WQBin\.condarc
          conda version : 4.5.11
    conda-build version : 3.16.2
         python version : 3.7.1.final.0
       root environment : D:\app\anaconda3  (writable)
           channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch
          package cache : D:\app\anaconda3\pkgs
                          C:\Users\WQBin\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs
       envs directories : D:\app\anaconda3\envs
                          C:\Users\WQBin\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs
                          C:\Users\WQBin\.conda\envs
               platform : win-64
             user-agent : conda/4.5.11 requests/2.20.0 CPython/3.7.1 Windows/7 Windows/6.1.7601
          administrator : False
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False

(py27)

$ source deactivate    # 退出当前运行环境

$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
root                  *  D:\app\anaconda3    # 星号表示是当前运行环境
py27                  D:\app\anaconda3\envs\py27

$ conda env remove --name py27    # 删除运行环境

Remove all packages in environment D:\app\anaconda3\envs\py27:

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: D:\app\anaconda3\envs\py27

The following packages will be REMOVED:

    blas:            1.0-mkl
    certifi:         2018.10.15-py27_0
    icc_rt:          2017.0.4-h97af966_0
    intel-openmp:    2019.0-118
    mkl:             2019.0-118
    mkl_fft:         1.0.6-py27hac4a418_0
    numpy:           1.15.4-py27hbe4291b_0
    numpy-root:      1.15.4-py27h2753ae9_0
    pandas:          0.23.4-py27h39f3610_0
    pip:             18.1-py27_0
    python:          2.7.15-h2880e7c_3
    python-dateutil: 2.7.5-py27_0
    pytz:            2018.7-py27_0
    setuptools:      40.5.0-py27_0
    six:             1.11.0-py27_1
    vc:              9-h7299396_1
    vs2008_runtime:  9.00.30729.1-hfaea7d5_1
    wheel:           0.32.2-py27_0
    wincertstore:    0.2-py27hf04cefb_0

Proceed ([y]/n)? y

$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
root                  *  D:\app\anaconda3

$