DRF 的视图，路由和渲染器

1 视图

简单的增删改查： ModelViewSet; 复杂的操作使用APIView 和 GenericViewSet

APIView(View)

class HomeView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        user_list = UserInfo.objects.all()

        ser = IndexSerializer(user_list,many=True)

        return Response(ser.data)

GenericAPIView(APIView)

    注意 GenericAPIView 和 GenericViewSet 都需要    queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()； serializer_class = IndexSerializer 否则会报错

    class HomeView(GenericAPIView):

        queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()

        serializer_class = IndexSerializer

        pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

            user_list = self.get_queryset()

            p = self.paginator

            page_user_list = p.paginate_queryset(queryset=user_list, request=request, view=self)

            ser = IndexSerializer(page_user_list,many=True)

            return p.get_paginated_response(ser.data)

GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView)

使用之后需要修改路由, 分发请求做不同的操作

    注意 GenericAPIView 和 GenericViewSet 都需要    queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()； serializer_class = IndexSerializer 否则会报错

    修改路由 url(r'^home/', HomeView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}))

            url(r'^home/(?P<id>\d+)', HomeView.as_view({'get':'retrieve'}))

    修改视图的方法

        class HomeView(GenericViewSet):

            queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()

            serializer_class = IndexSerializer

            pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

            def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

                ..

			def create():...

			def retrieve():...

ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet)

url(r'^home/$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}),name='home'),

url(r'^home/(?P<pk>\d+)$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','patch':'partial_update','delete':'destroy'})),

class HomeViewSet(ModelViewSet):

    queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()

    serializer_class = IndexSerializer

    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

# 不需要自定义方法

    'get':'retrieve'  == >>  权限的粒度 达到 单条对象级别，即单条数据  权限认证 check_object_permission

注意： GenericAPIView之后 , GenericViewSet ，ModelViewSet 内部都会检测 queryset和serializer_class，

都需要 queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()； serializer_class = IndexSerializer 否则会报错

2 路由

需要配置一套 .(?P\w+) 来请求不同的数据类型

自定义路由

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views import s11_render

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^test/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),

    url(r'^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),

    url(r'^test/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),

    url(r'^test/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)$', s11_render.TestView.as_view())

]

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from .. import models

class TestView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print(kwargs)

        print(self.renderer_classes)

        return Response('...')

半自动路由

url(r'^home/$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}),name='home'),

url(r'^home/(?P<pk>\d+)$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','patch':'partial_update','delete':'destroy'})),

url(r'^home\.(?P<format>\w+)$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}),name='home'),

url(r'^home/(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>\w+)$', HomeView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','patch':'partial_update','delete':'destroy'})),

]

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

from rest_framework import serializers

from .. import models

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.UserInfo

        fields = "__all__"

class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):

    queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

    serializer_class = UserSerializer

全自动路由

注意 serializer 需要使用 modelserailizer 全部字段

view 需要 viewset(对应不同的数据处理方式)

    from django.conf.urls import url, include

    from rest_framework import routers

    from web.views import UserViewSet

    router = routers.DefaultRouter()

    router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)

    urlpatterns = [

        url(r'^', include(router.urls)),

    ]

    from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

    from rest_framework import serializers

    from .. import models

    class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

        class Meta:

            model = models.UserInfo

            fields = "__all__"

    class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):

        queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        serializer_class = UserSerializer

3 渲染器

根据用户请求URL 或用户可接受的类型，筛选出合适的渲染组件

renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,BrowsableAPIRenderer,AdminRenderer]

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json