Django项目部署(django+guncorn+virtualenv+nginx)

一、说明

为了django项目部署到生产环境上，能够稳定的运行，且能够同时指出http和https的访问，对django的部署进行了一些研究，决定采用django + gunicorn + virtualenv +nginx + mysql的方式进行部署，下面是本次部署项目的目录结构：

二、虚拟包的制作

本次部署是采用virtualenv方式的部署，考虑到可能在多台机器上进行部署(例如：在多台测试机器上部署)，所以为了减少Python模块包的安装，决定将虚拟环境打成包的形式，可以考到任意一台环境上执行，避免了在每台机器上都要安装相应的模块包，一下是虚拟包的制作方法：

首先在你的linux的服务器上安装python2.7， ./configure --prefix=/home/kxdqa/mock-server/py，然后执行make && make install 进行python的安装
安装完python后，进行virtualenv的安装
然后创建你所需要的python的虚拟env环境，virtualenv -p /home/kxdqa/mock-server/py/bin/python2.7 /home/kxdqa/mock-server/myenv，myenv里面会产生一个bin目录和一个lib目录，bin里面有python，activate,easy_install,而且以后你要装django，django-admin.py也会放到这里，lib目录下有site-package,装的lib会放到这里来.
然后进入到虚拟环境myenv中，. bin/activate,进入虚拟环境展示如下：
(myenv) [root@test_172_30_131_183 myenv]#
然后在虚拟环境进行你所需要的模块包的安装
为了虚拟包可以在别的机器上依然可以运行，则需要修改bin/activate这个脚本，找到设置VIRTUAL_ENV变亮的地方，改成如下:
export VIRTUAL_ENV=`pwd`
本次的服务器部署包，需要再安装gunicorn，安装方式可以采用pip或者源码安装都行
然后将myenv打包即可

三、django项目的配置

1.gunicorn的配置

在当前的django项目下，添加gunicorn的配置文件gunicorn.conf.py,内容如下：

import multiprocessing

# 绑定ip和端口
bind = "0.0.0.0:8088"

# 用于处理工作进程的数量
workers = multiprocessing.cpu_count() * 2 + 1

# 错误日志
errorlog = "/home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/gunicorn.error.log"

2.django静态文件的配置注：gunicorn的配置详解见：点击打开链接

在django项目的settings.py配置文件中，添加STATIC_ROOT的配置，配置如下：

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'collect_static/')

执行python manage.py collectstatic命令，就会将所有的静态文件复制一份到collect_static的文件夹下

3.尝试启动

gunicorn的启动方式有两种：

使用配置文件的方式：gunicorn logic_mock.wsgi:application -c /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/gunicorn.conf.py
不使用配置文件的方式：gunicorn logic_mock.wsgi:application -b 0.0.0.0:8088

guncorn的启动后的关闭命令：ps aux | grep -Ei 'logic_mock.wsgi' | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill

四、Nginx的安装

1.安装

安装gcc编译模块：yum install gcc
安装g++编译模块：yum install gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel
安装nginx的依赖包：
yum -y install pcre-devel

yum install -y zlib-devel yum install -y openssl（安装nginx报错的，把这个装上）

下载nginx的安装包，进行安装：

./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module 编译安装：make && make install

注：后面的 --with必须要有，不然nginx进行ssl设置的话，会出错

验证是否安装成功：cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ . nginx 进行启动(如果启动失败的话，查看80端口是否被占用) 然后到浏览器上输入ip地址，看是否出现nginx的欢迎上，如果出现则安装成功

2.nginx配置

编写nginx的启动脚本，将脚本放到/etc/init.d下，脚本如下：

#!/bin/bash
#nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server

# it is v. version.

# chkconfig: -  

# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.

#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.

# processname: nginx

# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid

RETVAL=

prog="nginx"

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = 

[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 

# Start nginx daemons functions.

start() {

if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then

   echo "nginx already running...."

   exit 

fi

   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

   daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}

   RETVAL=$?

   echo

   [ $RETVAL =  ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx

   return $RETVAL

}

# Stop nginx daemons functions.

stop() {

        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

        killproc $nginxd

        RETVAL=$?

        echo

        [ $RETVAL =  ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid

}

# reload nginx service functions.

reload() {

    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

    #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`

    killproc $nginxd -HUP

    RETVAL=$?

    echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

        start

        ;;

stop)

        stop

        ;;

reload)

        reload

        ;;

restart)

        stop

        start

        ;;

status)

        status $prog

        RETVAL=$?

        ;;

*)

        echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"

        exit 

esac

exit $RETVAL

nginx启动脚本

执行如下命令，添加到服务中：

chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

chkconfig --add nginx

至此，nginx安装成功

nginx启动、停止、无间断服务重启，可选  start | stop | restart | reload | status |  help

service nginx start  启动

servie nginx stop   停止

service nginx help 帮助

对nginx配置django项目，配置文件nginx.conf如下：

user  root;
worker_processes  ;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  ;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  ;
    keepalive_timeout  ;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       default backlog=;
listen       ssl;
        server_name localhost;
access_log /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/nginx_access.log;
error_log /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/nginx_error.log;
charset utf-;

ssl_certificate         /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/cert/logic_server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key     /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/cert/logic_server.key;

#ssl_protocols          SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1.;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1. TLSv1.;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:AES256-SHA256:RC4:HIGH:!MD5:!aNULL:!eNULL:!NULL:!DH:!EDH:!AESGCM;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
#ssl_session_timeout   5m;
#index index.html index.htm

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        #
        location / {
   #proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8088;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

location ~ ^/(media|static) {
   root /home/kxdqa/logic_mock;
   expires 30d;
}

        #error_page                /.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page        /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   ;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       ;
    #    listen       somename:;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       ;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

nginx.conf的配置

至此，django项目安装完成，一次启动nginx和gunicorn即可(如果需要使用https，则需要在目录结构的certs目录下，添加ssl证书，然后在nginx中改变证书的名字，重启nginx即可)