PHP的Enum（枚举）的实现

转载请保留原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/zsxfbj/p/php_enum.html

PHP其实有Enum类库的，需要安装perl扩展，所以不是php的标准扩展，因此代码的实现需要运行的php环境支持。

（1）扩展类库SplEnum类。该类的摘要如下：

SplEnum extends SplType {
/* Constants */
const NULL __default = null ;
/* 方法 */
public array getConstList ([ bool $include_default = false ] )
/* 继承的方法 */
SplType::__construct ([ mixed $initial_value [, bool $strict ]] )
}

使用示例：

<?php
class Month extends SplEnum {
    const __default = self::January;

    const January = 1;
    const February = 2;
    const March = 3;
    const April = 4;
    const May = 5;
    const June = 6;
    const July = 7;
    const August = 8;
    const September = 9;
    const October = 10;
    const November = 11;
    const December = 12;
}

echo new Month(Month::June) . PHP_EOL;

try {
    new Month(13);
} catch (UnexpectedValueException $uve) {
    echo $uve->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
}
?>

　输出结果：

6
Value not a const in enum Month

（2）自定义的Enum类库

摘自http://www.php4every1.com/scripts/php-enum/

<?php

/**
 * Abstract class that enables creation of PHP enums. All you
 * have to do is extend this class and define some constants.
 * Enum is an object with value from on of those constants
 * (or from on of superclass if any). There is also
 * __default constat that enables you creation of object
 * without passing enum value.
 *
 * @author Marijan Šuflaj <msufflaj32@gmail.com&gt
 * @link http://php4every1.com
 */
abstract class Enum {

    /**
     * Constant with default value for creating enum object
     */
    const __default = null;

    private $value;

    private $strict;

    private static $constants = array();

    /**
     * Returns list of all defined constants in enum class.
     * Constants value are enum values.
     *
     * @param bool $includeDefault If true, default value is included into return
     * @return array Array with constant values
     */
    public function getConstList($includeDefault = false) {

        $class = get_class($this);

        if (!array_key_exists($class, self::$constants)) {
            self::populateConstants();
        }

        return $includeDefault ? array_merge(self::$constants[__CLASS_], array(
            "__default" => self::__default
        )) : self::$constants[__CLASS_];
    }

    /**
     * Creates new enum object. If child class overrides __construct(),
     * it is required to call parent::__construct() in order for this
     * class to work as expected.
     *
     * @param mixed $initialValue Any value that is exists in defined constants
     * @param bool $strict If set to true, type and value must be equal
     * @throws UnexpectedValueException If value is not valid enum value
     */
    public function __construct($initialValue = null, $strict = true) {

        $class = get_class($this);

        if (!array_key_exists($class, self::$constants)) {
            self::populateConstants();
        }

        if ($initialValue === null) {
            $initialValue = self::$constants[$class]["__default"];
        }

        $temp = self::$constants[$class];

        if (!in_array($initialValue, $temp, $strict)) {
            throw new UnexpectedValueException("Value is not in enum " . $class);
        }

        $this->value = $initialValue;
        $this->strict = $strict;
    }

    private function populateConstants() {

        $class = get_class($this);

        $r = new ReflectionClass($class);
        $constants = $r->getConstants();

        self::$constants = array(
            $class => $constants
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns string representation of an enum. Defaults to
     * value casted to string.
     *
     * @return string String representation of this enum's value
     */
    public function __toString() {
        return (string) $this->value;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if two enums are equal. Only value is checked, not class type also.
     * If enum was created with $strict = true, then strict comparison applies
     * here also.
     *
     * @return bool True if enums are equal
     */
    public function equals($object) {
        if (!($object instanceof Enum)) {
            return false;
        }

        return $this->strict ? ($this->value === $object->value)
            : ($this->value == $object->value);
    }
}

使用示例如下：

class MyEnum extends Enum {

    const HI = "Hi";

    const BY = "By";

    const NUMBER = 1;

    const __default = self::BY;

}

var_dump(new MyEnum(MyEnum::HI));
var_dump(new MyEnum(MyEnum::BY));
//Use __default
var_dump(new MyEnum());

try {
    new MyEnum("I don't exist");
} catch (UnexpectedValueException $e) {
    var_dump($e->getMessage());
}

输出结果如下：

object(MyEnum)#1 (2) {
  ["value":"Enum":private]=>
  string(2) "Hi"
  ["strict":"Enum":private]=>
  bool(true)
}
object(MyEnum)#1 (2) {
  ["value":"Enum":private]=>
  string(2) "By"
  ["strict":"Enum":private]=>
  bool(true)
}
object(MyEnum)#1 (2) {
  ["value":"Enum":private]=>
  string(2) "By"
  ["strict":"Enum":private]=>
  bool(true)
}
string(27) "Value is not in enum MyEnum"