SSH web.xml文件配置

启动一个WEB项目的时候， WEB容器会去读取它的配置文件web.xml

web.xml中配置的加载优先级：context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet

元素顺序列表：

相应元素配置

1、Web应用图标：指出IDE和GUI工具用来表示Web应用的大图标和小图标    
<icon>    
<small-icon>/images/app_small.gif</small-icon>    
<large-icon>/images/app_large.gif</large-icon>    
</icon>    
2、Web 应用名称：提供GUI工具可能会用来标记这个特定的Web应用的一个名称    
<display-name>Tomcat Example</display-name>    
3、Web 应用描述： 给出于此相关的说明性文本    
<disciption>Tomcat Example servlets and JSP pages.</disciption>    
4、上下文参数：声明应用范围内的初始化参数。    
<context-param>    
    <param-name>ContextParameter</para-name>    
    <param-value>test</param-value>    
    <description>It is a test parameter.</description>    
</context-param>    
在servlet里面可以通过getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param")得到

5、过滤器配置：将一个名字与一个实现javaxs.servlet.Filter接口的类相关联。    
<filter>    
        <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>    
        <filter-class>com.myTest.setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>    
            <param-value>GB2312</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
</filter>    
<filter-mapping>    
        <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>    
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    
</filter-mapping>    
6、监听器配置    
<listener>    
      <listerner-class>listener.SessionListener</listener-class>    
</listener>    
7、Servlet配置    
   基本配置    
   <servlet>    
      <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>    
      <servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>    
   </servlet>    
   <servlet-mapping>    
      <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>    
      <url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>    
   </servlet-mapping>    
   高级配置    
   <servlet>    
      <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>    
      <servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>    
      <init-param>    
         <param-name>foo</param-name>    
         <param-value>bar</param-value>    
      </init-param>    
      <run-as>    
         <description>Security role for anonymous access</description>    
         <role-name>tomcat</role-name>    
      </run-as>    
   </servlet>    
   <servlet-mapping>    
      <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>    
      <url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>    
   </servlet-mapping>    
   元素说明    
     <servlet></servlet> 用来声明一个servlet的数据，主要有以下子元素：    
     <servlet-name></servlet-name> 指定servlet的名称    
     <servlet-class></servlet-class> 指定servlet的类名称    
     <jsp-file></jsp-file> 指定web站台中的某个JSP网页的完整路径    
     <init-param></init-param> 用来定义参数，可有多个init-param。在servlet类中通过getInitParamenter(String name)方法访问初始化参数    
     <load-on-startup></load-on-startup>指定当Web应用启动时，装载Servlet的次序。    
                                 当值为正数或零时：Servlet容器先加载数值小的servlet，再依次加载其他数值大的servlet.    
                                 当值为负或未定义：Servlet容器将在Web客户首次访问这个servlet时加载它    
     <servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping> 用来定义servlet所对应的URL，包含两个子元素    
       <servlet-name></servlet-name> 指定servlet的名称    
       <url-pattern></url-pattern> 指定servlet所对应的URL    
8、会话超时配置（单位为分钟）    
   <session-config>    
      <session-timeout>120</session-timeout>    
   </session-config>    
9、MIME类型配置    
   <mime-mapping>    
      <extension>htm</extension>    
      <mime-type>text/html</mime-type>    
   </mime-mapping>    
10、指定欢迎文件页配置    
   <welcome-file-list>    
      <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>    
      <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>    
      <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>    
   </welcome-file-list>    
11、配置错误页面    
一、 通过错误码来配置error-page    
   <error-page>    
      <error-code>404</error-code>    
      <location>/NotFound.jsp</location>    
   </error-page>    
上面配置了当系统发生404错误时，跳转到错误处理页面NotFound.jsp。    
二、通过异常的类型配置error-page    
   <error-page>    
       <exception-type>java.lang.NullException</exception-type>    
       <location>/error.jsp</location>    
   </error-page>    
上面配置了当系统发生java.lang.NullException（即空指针异常）时，跳转到错误处理页面error.jsp    
12、TLD配置    
   <taglib>    
       <taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>    
       <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld</taglib-location>    
   </taglib>    
   如果MyEclipse一直在报错,应该把<taglib> 放到 <jsp-config>中    
   <jsp-config>    
      <taglib>    
          <taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>    
          <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/pager-taglib.tld</taglib-location>    
      </taglib>    
   </jsp-config>    
13、资源管理对象配置    
   <resource-env-ref>    
       <resource-env-ref-name>jms/StockQueue</resource-env-ref-name>    
   </resource-env-ref>    
14、资源工厂配置    
   <resource-ref>    
       <res-ref-name>mail/Session</res-ref-name>    
       <res-type>javax.mail.Session</res-type>    
       <res-auth>Container</res-auth>    
   </resource-ref>    
   配置数据库连接池就可在此配置：    
   <resource-ref>    
       <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of shop</description>    
       <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>    
       <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>    
       <res-auth>Container</res-auth>    
   </resource-ref>    
15、安全限制配置    
   <security-constraint>    
      <display-name>Example Security Constraint</display-name>    
      <web-resource-collection>    
         <web-resource-name>Protected Area</web-resource-name>    
         <url-pattern>/jsp/security/protected/*</url-pattern>    
         <http-method>DELETE</http-method>    
         <http-method>GET</http-method>    
         <http-method>POST</http-method>    
         <http-method>PUT</http-method>    
      </web-resource-collection>    
      <auth-constraint>    
        <role-name>tomcat</role-name>    
        <role-name>role1</role-name>    
      </auth-constraint>    
   </security-constraint>    
16、登陆验证配置    
   <login-config>    
     <auth-method>FORM</auth-method>    
     <realm-name>Example-Based Authentiation Area</realm-name>    
     <form-login-config>    
        <form-login-page>/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp</form-login-page>    
        <form-error-page>/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp</form-error-page>    
     </form-login-config>    
   </login-config>    
17、安全角色：security-role元素给出安全角色的一个列表，这些角色将出现在servlet元素内的security-role-ref元素的role-name子元素中。    
    分别地声明角色可使高级IDE处理安全信息更为容易。    
<security-role>    
     <role-name>tomcat</role-name>    
</security-role>    
18、Web环境参数：env-entry元素声明Web应用的环境项    
<env-entry>    
     <env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name>    
     <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>    
     <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>    
</env-entry>    
19、EJB 声明    
<ejb-ref>    
     <description>Example EJB reference</decription>    
     <ejb-ref-name>ejb/Account</ejb-ref-name>    
     <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>    
     <home>com.mycompany.mypackage.AccountHome</home>    
     <remote>com.mycompany.mypackage.Account</remote>    
</ejb-ref>    
20、本地EJB声明    
<ejb-local-ref>    
     <description>Example Loacal EJB reference</decription>    
     <ejb-ref-name>ejb/ProcessOrder</ejb-ref-name>    
     <ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type>    
     <local-home>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrderHome</local-home>    
     <local>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrder</local>    
</ejb-local-ref>    
21、配置DWR    
<servlet>    
      <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>    
      <servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>    
</servlet>    
<servlet-mapping>    
      <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>    
      <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>    
</servlet-mapping>    
22、配置Struts    
    <display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name>    
    <servlet>    
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>    
        <servlet-class>    
            org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet    
        </servlet-class>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>detail</param-name>    
            <param-value>2</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>debug</param-name>    
            <param-value>2</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>config</param-name>    
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>application</param-name>    
            <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>    
        </init-param>    
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>    
    </servlet>    
    <servlet-mapping>    
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>    
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>    
    </servlet-mapping>    
    <welcome-file-list>    
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>    
    </welcome-file-list>

<!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors -->    
    <taglib>    
        <taglib-uri>struts-bean</taglib-uri>    
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
    <taglib>    
        <taglib-uri>struts-html</taglib-uri>    
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
    <taglib>    
    <taglib-uri>struts-nested</taglib-uri>    
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
    <taglib>    
        <taglib-uri>struts-logic</taglib-uri>    
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
    <taglib>    
        <taglib-uri>struts-tiles</taglib-uri>    
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>    
    </taglib>    
23、配置Spring（基本上都是在Struts中配置的）

<!-- 指定spring配置文件位置 -->    
   <context-param>    
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>    
      <param-value>    
       <!--加载多个spring配置文件 -->    
        /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml, /WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml    
      </param-value>    
   </context-param>

<!-- 定义SPRING监听器，加载spring -->

<listener>    
     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>    
</listener>

<listener>    
     <listener-class>    
       org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener    
     </listener-class>    
</listener>

==================================================================================

示例代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>Agree</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

    <context-param>
        <description>spring的配置文件</description>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            classpath:applicationContext.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <description/>
        <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <description>spring的日志加载器</description>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>     

    <!-- spring 编码拦截器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
        </filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>     

    <error-page>
        <error-code>404</error-code>
        <location>/errorShow_404.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>500</error-code>
        <location>/errorDispatcher_500.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
</web-app>