【记录】Field required a single bean, but 2 were found:
重构遇到个小问题,记录下:
错误信息:
***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************
Description:
Field xxxService in com.alibaba.xxx required a single bean, but 2 were found:
解决方法:
Action:
Consider marking one of the beans as @Primary, updating the consumer to accept multiple beans, or using @Qualifier to identify the bean that should be consumed
代码案例:
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 一个接口
*/
public interface DataTransferService {
Long transferData() throws Exception;
}
/**
* 实现类一
* 重要:添加@Primary标记为默认初始化的类
*/
@Component("dataTransferService")
@Primary
class DataTransferServiceImpl implements DataTransferService {
@Override
public Long transferData() throws Exception {
return 0L;
}
}
/**
*实现类二
*/
@Component("dataTransferServiceSync")
class DataTransferServiceSyncImpl implements DataTransferService {
@Override
public Long transferData() throws Exception {
return 0L;
}
}
使用方式:
/**
* 两种使用方式,已测试
*/
public class ActivityDemo {
/**方式一*/
@Autowired
@Qualifier("dataTransferService")
protected DataTransferService dataTransferService;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("dataTransferServiceSync")
protected DataTransferService dataTransferServiceSync;
/**方式二*/
// @Resource("dataTransferService")
// protected DataTransferService dataTransferService;
//
// @Resource("dataTransferServiceSync")
// protected DataTransferService dataTransferServiceSync;
}
注意:添加@Primary告诉spring初始化时使用哪个主要的实现类。
补充:https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1608114169828948852&wfr=spider&for=pc
@Autowired与@Resource的区别
(1)@Autowired
@Autowired为Spring提供的注解,需要导入包org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;只按照byType注入。
@Autowired注解是按照类型(byType)装配依赖对象,默认情况下它要求依赖对象必须存在,如果允许null值,可以设置它的required属性为false。如果我们想使用按照名称(byName)来装配,可以结合@Qualifier注解一起使用。如下:
(2)@Resource
@Resource默认按照ByName自动注入,由J2EE提供,需要导入包javax.annotation.Resource。@Resource有两个重要的属性:name和type,而Spring将@Resource注解的name属性解析为bean的名字,而type属性则解析为bean的类型。
所以,如果使用name属性,则使用byName的自动注入策略,而使用type属性时则使用byType自动注入策略。如果既不制定name也不制定type属性,这时将通过反射机制使用byName自动注入策略。
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