JavaWeb---总结(五)Http协议

一、什么是HTTP协议

　　HTTP是hypertext transfer protocol（超文本传输协议）的简写，它是TCP/IP协议的一个应用层协议，用于定义WEB浏览器与WEB服务器之间交换数据的过程。客户端连上web服务器后，若想获得web服务器中的某个web资源，需遵守一定的通讯格式，HTTP协议用于定义客户端与web服务器通迅的格式。

二、HTTP协议的版本

　　HTTP协议的版本：HTTP/1.0、HTTP/1.1

三、HTTP1.0和HTTP1.1的区别

　　在HTTP1.0协议中，客户端与web服务器建立连接后，只能获得一个web资源。
　　在HTTP1.1协议，允许客户端与web服务器建立连接后，在一个连接上获取多个web资源。

四、HTTP请求

4.1、HTTP请求包括的内容

　　客户端连上服务器后，向服务器请求某个web资源，称之为客户端向服务器发送了一个HTTP请求。

一个完整的HTTP请求包括如下内容：一个请求行、若干消息头、以及实体内容
范例：

4.2、HTTP请求的细节——请求行

　　请求行中的GET称之为请求方式，请求方式有：POST、GET、HEAD、OPTIONS、DELETE、TRACE、PUT，常用的有： GET、 POST
　　用户如果没有设置，默认情况下浏览器向服务器发送的都是get请求，例如在浏览器直接输地址访问，点超链接访问等都是get，用户如想把请求方式改为post，可通过更改表单的提交方式实现。
　　不管POST或GET，都用于向服务器请求某个WEB资源，这两种方式的区别主要表现在数据传递上：如果请求方式为GET方式，则可以在请求的URL地址后以?的形式带上交给服务器的数据，多个数据之间以&进行分隔，例如：GET /mail/1.html?name=abc&password=xyz HTTP/1.1
　　GET方式的特点：在URL地址后附带的参数是有限制的，其数据容量通常不能超过1K。
　　如果请求方式为POST方式，则可以在请求的实体内容中向服务器发送数据，Post方式的特点：传送的数据量无限制。

4.3、HTTP请求的细节——消息头

　　HTTP请求中的常用消息头

　　accept:浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器，它所支持的数据类型
　　Accept-Charset: 浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器，它支持哪种字符集
　　Accept-Encoding：浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器，支持的压缩格式
　　Accept-Language：浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器，它的语言环境
　　Host：浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器，想访问哪台主机
　　If-Modified-Since: 浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器，缓存数据的时间
　　Referer：浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器，客户机是哪个页面来的防盗链
　　Connection：浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器，请求完后是断开链接还是何持链接

例如：

1 Accept: application/x-ms-application, image/jpeg, application/xaml+xml, image/gif, image/pjpeg,

2     application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*3 Referer: http://localhost:8080/JavaWebDemoProject/Web/2.jsp4 Accept-Language: zh-CN5 User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; InfoPath.3)6 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate7 Host: localhost:80808 Connection: Keep-Alive

五、HTTP响应

5.1、HTTP响应包括的内容

　　一个HTTP响应代表服务器向客户端回送的数据，它包括：一个状态行、若干消息头、以及实体内容。

　　
范例：

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WwPkUCFX4x7GSu6vuG3FkpLG2LicZ6bjvYNcWSaVPttb0oCXCwciaGDFsTQy838bKhrGibqZsodrKl287BRDPJRtg/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-ratio="1" data-w="20" />

 1 HTTP/1.1 200 OK 2 Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 3 Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1 4 Content-Length: 105 5 Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 16:23:28 GMT 6  7 <html> 8     <head> 9         <title>Hello World JSP</title>10     </head>11     <body>12         Hello World!13 14     </body>15 </html>

5.2、HTTP响应的细节——状态行

　状态行格式： HTTP版本号　状态码　原因叙述<CRLF>
举例：HTTP/1.1 200 OK
　　状态码用于表示服务器对请求的处理结果，它是一个三位的十进制数。响应状态码分为5类，如下所示：
　　aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WwPkUCFX4x7GSu6vuG3FkpLG2LicZ6bjvcWZR2sbUabAQaO8g2OOYm4KAc7z3BzU0ku2ExIPIbYxNNUDmicb3aeQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.30064308681672025" data-w="622" />

5.3、HTTP响应细节——常用响应头

　　HTTP响应中的常用响应头(消息头)
　　Location: 服务器通过这个头，来告诉浏览器跳到哪里
　　Server：服务器通过这个头，告诉浏览器服务器的型号
　　Content-Encoding：服务器通过这个头，告诉浏览器，数据的压缩格式
　　Content-Length: 服务器通过这个头，告诉浏览器回送数据的长度
　　Content-Language: 服务器通过这个头，告诉浏览器语言环境
　　Content-Type：服务器通过这个头，告诉浏览器回送数据的类型
　　Refresh：服务器通过这个头，告诉浏览器定时刷新
　　Content-Disposition: 服务器通过这个头，告诉浏览器以下载方式打数据
　　Transfer-Encoding：服务器通过这个头，告诉浏览器数据是以分块方式回送的
　　Expires: -1 控制浏览器不要缓存
　　Cache-Control: no-cache
　　Pragma: no-cache

六、在服务端设置响应头来控制客户端浏览器的行为

6.1、设置Location响应头，实现请求重定向

 1 package gacl.http.study; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 5 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 7 /** 8  * @author gacl 9  *10  */11 public class ServletDemo01 extends HttpServlet {12     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)13             throws ServletException, IOException {14 15         response.setStatus(302);//设置服务器的响应状态码16         /**17          *设置响应头，服务器通过 Location这个头，来告诉浏览器跳到哪里，这就是所谓的请求重定向18          */19         response.setHeader("Location", "/JavaWeb_HttpProtocol_Study_20140528/1.jsp");20     }21     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)22             throws ServletException, IOException {23         this.doGet(request, response);24     }25 }

　　当在浏览器中使用URL地址"http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_HttpProtocol_Study_20140528/servlet/ServletDemo01"访问ServletDemo01时，就可以看到服务器作出响应后发送到浏览器的状态码和响应头信息，如下图所示：

　　aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WwPkUCFX4x7GSu6vuG3FkpLG2LicZ6bjvuSBJmn9byt733dYTNM9evNvaUnMcuWLOPHDyTjYDa4CZAeJtXlicm7Q/0?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.23376623376623376" data-w="385" />

　　服务器返回一个302状态码告诉浏览器，你要的资源我没有，但是我通过Location响应头告诉你哪里有，而浏览器解析响应头Location后知道要跳转到/JavaWeb_HttpProtocol_Study_20140528/1.jsp页面，所以就会自动跳转到1.jsp，如下图所示：

　　aaarticlea/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAIAAACQd1PeAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAyBpVFh0WE1MOmNvbS5hZG9iZS54bXAAAAAAADw/eHBhY2tldCBiZWdpbj0i77u/IiBpZD0iVzVNME1wQ2VoaUh6cmVTek5UY3prYzlkIj8+IDx4OnhtcG1ldGEgeG1sbnM6eD0iYWRvYmU6bnM6bWV0YS8iIHg6eG1wdGs9IkFkb2JlIFhNUCBDb3JlIDUuMC1jMDYwIDYxLjEzNDc3NywgMjAxMC8wMi8xMi0xNzozMjowMCAgICAgICAgIj4gPHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5LzAyLzIyLXJkZi1zeW50YXgtbnMjIj4gPHJkZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlvbiByZGY6YWJvdXQ9IiIgeG1sbnM6eG1wPSJodHRwOi8vbnMuYWRvYmUuY29tL3hhcC8xLjAvIiB4bWxuczp4bXBNTT0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wL21tLyIgeG1sbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNSBXaW5kb3dzIiB4bXBNTTpJbnN0YW5jZUlEPSJ4bXAuaWlkOkJDQzA1MTVGNkE2MjExRTRBRjEzODVCM0Q0NEVFMjFBIiB4bXBNTTpEb2N1bWVudElEPSJ4bXAuZGlkOkJDQzA1MTYwNkE2MjExRTRBRjEzODVCM0Q0NEVFMjFBIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QkNDMDUxNUQ2QTYyMTFFNEFGMTM4NUIzRDQ0RUUyMUEiIHN0UmVmOmRvY3VtZW50SUQ9InhtcC5kaWQ6QkNDMDUxNUU2QTYyMTFFNEFGMTM4NUIzRDQ0RUUyMUEiLz4gPC9yZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24+IDwvcmRmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz6p+a6fAAAAD0lEQVR42mJ89/Y1QIABAAWXAsgVS/hWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt="" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WwPkUCFX4x7GSu6vuG3FkpLG2LicZ6bjvxfur0u2xJHg8jrNQ6WcmQn6nJ6eyUdPDCdxvo8XSt3LicGticbNb1qVQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.27308707124010556" data-w="758" />

6.2、设置Content-Encoding响应头，告诉浏览器数据的压缩格式

 1 package gacl.http.study; 2  3 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream; 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;10 /**11  * @author gacl12  *这个小程序是用来演示以下两个小知识点13  *1、使用GZIPOutputStream流来压缩数据14  *2、设置响应头Content-Encoding来告诉浏览器，服务器发送回来的数据压缩后的格式15  */16 public class ServletDemo02 extends HttpServlet {17 18     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)19             throws ServletException, IOException {20         String data = "abcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" +21                 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabc" +22                 "dabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabc" +23                 "dabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" +24                 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" +25                 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" +26                 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" +27                 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcd";28         System.out.println("原始数据的大小为：" + data.getBytes().length);29         30         ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();31         GZIPOutputStream gout = new GZIPOutputStream(bout); //buffer32         gout.write(data.getBytes());33         gout.close();34         //得到压缩后的数据35         byte g[] = bout.toByteArray();36         response.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");37         response.setHeader("Content-Length",g.length +"");38         response.getOutputStream().write(g);39     }40 41     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)42             throws ServletException, IOException {43         this.doGet(request, response);44     }45 }

服务器发给浏览器的响应信息如下：

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WwPkUCFX4x7GSu6vuG3FkpLG2LicZ6bjvQsTAR9vzO0QU6ia787GoJ9xwoPSmicFpTkRNCPP2fBMEn3QofAaDaJ5A/0?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.2629695885509839" data-w="559" />

浏览器支持的压缩格式有：

6.3、设置content-type响应头，指定回送数据类型

 1 package gacl.http.study; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import java.io.InputStream; 4 import java.io.OutputStream; 5 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 9 public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {10     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)11             throws ServletException, IOException {12         /**13          * 浏览器能接收(Accept)的数据类型有:

14          * application/x-ms-application,

15          * image/jpeg,

16          * application/xaml+xml,

17          * image/gif,

18          * image/pjpeg,

19          * application/x-ms-xbap,

20          * application/vnd.ms-excel,

21          * application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,

22          * application/msword,

23          */24         response.setHeader("content-type", "image/jpeg");//使用content-type响应头指定发送给浏览器的数据类型为"image/jpeg"25         //读取位于项目根目录下的img文件夹里面的WP_20131005_002.jpg这张图片，返回一个输入流26         InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/img/WP_20131005_002.jpg");27         byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];28         int len = 0;29         OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();//得到输出流30         while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {//读取输入流(in)里面的内容存储到缓冲区(buffer)31             out.write(buffer, 0, len);//将缓冲区里面的内容输出到浏览器32         }33     }34     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)35             throws ServletException, IOException {36         this.doGet(request, response);37     }38 }

服务器发给浏览器的响应信息如下：

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WwPkUCFX4x7GSu6vuG3FkpLG2LicZ6bjva1hVAeTApP4AgjywiaGekaXEOZRicIW1diatQMgqlMUZOOJZ40oIcTaCA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.36739659367396593" data-w="411" />

ServletDemo03的运行结果如下图所示：

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WwPkUCFX4x7GSu6vuG3FkpLG2LicZ6bjvWFXD1WiaWaAXEVFbPYrDIZGzBgdAicnic0z1O2cd2YGB2OVIoC9xkyoWQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.3922018348623853" data-w="872" />

在浏览器中显示出了图片

6.4、设置refresh响应头，让浏览器定时刷新

 1 package gacl.http.study; 2  3 import java.io.IOException; 4 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 5 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 8  9 public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {10     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)11             throws ServletException, IOException {12         /**13          * 设置refresh响应头，让浏览器每隔3秒定时刷新14          */15         // response.setHeader("refresh", "3");16         /**17          * 设置refresh响应头，让浏览器3秒后跳转到http://www.baidu.com18          */19         response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url='http://www.baidu.com'");20         response.getWriter().write("gacl");21     }22 23     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)24             throws ServletException, IOException {25         this.doGet(request, response);26     }27 28 }

6.5、设置content-disposition响应头，让浏览器下载文件

 1 package gacl.http.study; 2  3 import java.io.IOException; 4 import java.io.InputStream; 5 import java.io.OutputStream; 6  7 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;11 12 public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {13     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)14             throws ServletException, IOException {15         /**16          * 设置content-disposition响应头，让浏览器下载文件17          */18         response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=xxx.jpg");19         InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/img/1.jpg");20         byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];21         int len = 0;22         OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();23         while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {24             out.write(buffer, 0, len);25         }26     }27 28     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)29             throws ServletException, IOException {30         this.doGet(request, response);31     }32 33 }

在浏览器中访问ServletDemo05就会弹出文件下载框，如下图所示：