Nginx+HTTPS(SSL/TLS)

环境

首先确保机器上安装了openssl和openssl-devel

rpm -qa | grep openssl
#yum install openssl
#yum install openssl-devel

确认nginx是否安装了SSL模块，如下的命令：

/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

看是否输出--with-http_ssl_module，如果没有需要重新配置并安装下。

创建证书 【自己颁发证书给自己】

#cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
#openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
#openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
#openssl rsa -in server.key -out server_nopwd.key
#openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server_nopwd.key -out server.crt

#cd /opt/nginx/conf
#openssl genrsa -des3 -out cert.key 2048  //创建服务器私钥
#openssl req -new -key cert.key -out cert.csr  //签名请求的证书

会给出如下的提示:

Enter pass phraseforcert.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter'.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:demo
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:localhost
Common Name (eg, your name or your server'shostname) []:localhost
Email Address []:demo@abc.com
Please enter the following'extra'attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

冒号后面是需要我们填写的，最后两个我都没有填。带空的中括号似乎可以选填。

制作解密后的私钥

先将cert.key文件复制一份为cert.key.org
cp cert.key cert.key.org
#openssl rsa -in cert.key.org -out cert.key
接下来，最后一步，用cert.csr和cert.key生成cert.crt文件
#openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in cert.csr -signkey cert.key -out server.crt

配置nginx

必须在server配置块中打开SSL协议，还需要指定服务器端证书和密钥文件的位置,打开conf/vhosts下面的配置文件：
PHP示例：

server {
    listen 443;
    server_name _;
    access_log off;

    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/conf/vhosts/cert.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/conf/vhosts/cert.key;
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;
        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

    location / {
        root /mnt/html/test;
        index index.php index.html;
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /opt/nginx/html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /mnt/html/test$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }
}

SSL操作需要消耗CPU资源，所以在多处理器的系统，需要启动多个工作进程，而且数量需要不少于可用CPU的个数。最消耗CPU资源的SSL操作 是SSL握手，有两种方法可以将每个客户端的握手操作数量降到最低：第一种是保持客户端长连接，在一个SSL连接发送多个请求，第二种是在并发的连接或者 后续的连接中重用SSL会话参数，这样可以避免SSL握手的操作。会话缓存用于保存SSL会话，这些缓存在工作进程间共享，可以使用 ssl_session_cache指令进行配置。1M缓存可以存放大约4000个会话。默认的缓存超时是5分钟，可以使用 ssl_session_timeout加大它。

如果HTTP和HTTPS虚拟主机的功能是一致的，可以配置一个虚拟主机，既处理HTTP请求，又处理HTTPS请求。 配置的方法是删除ssl on的指令，并在*:443端口添加参数ssl：

server {
    listen              80;
    listen              443 ssl;
    server_name         www.example.com;
    ssl_certificate     www.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key www.example.com.key;
    ...
}

示例：【自己去理解各参数！】

server {

    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name lvtao.net;
    client_max_body_size 10M;

    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/www.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/private.key;

    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 5m;
    ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4";

    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;
    resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
    resolver_timeout 5s;

    add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
}

Nginx 配置 SSL 重启免密码

Nginx 里面的配置还是老样子，不过有个问题就是重启 Nginx 的时候会要求输入密码，可以有个办法免输密码。敲入如下指令：

openssl rsa -in pupboss.key -out pupboss_unsecure.key

强制 HTTPS

加上如下代码

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name lvtao.net;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}