[转]vi command summary

 The following tables contain all the basic vi commands. 

 *Starting vi*

 Command                       Description
 vi file                       start at line 1 of file
 vi +n file                    start at line n of file
 vi + file                     start at last line of file
 vi +/pattern file             start at pattern in file
 vi -r file                    recover file after a system crash

 *Saving files and quitting vi*

 Command                       Description
 :e file                       edit file (save current file with *:w* first)
 :w                            save (write out) the file being edited
 :w file                       save as file
 :w! fil e                     save as an existing file
 :q                            quit *vi*
 :wq                           save the file and quit *vi*
 :x                            save the file if it has changed and quit *vi*
 :q!                           quit *vi* without saving changes

 *Moving the cursor*

 Keys pressed                  Effect
 h                             left one character
 l or <Space>                  right one character
 k                             up one line
 j or <Enter>                  down one line
 b                             left one word
 w                             right one word
 (                             start of sentence
 )                             end of sentence
 {                             start of paragraph
 }                             end of paragraph
 1G                            top of file
 nG                            line n
 G                             end of file
 <Ctrl>W                       first character of insertion
 <Ctrl>U                       up ½ screen
 <Ctrl>D                       down ½ screen
 <Ctrl>B                       up one screen
 <Ctrl>F                       down one screen

 *Inserting text*

 Keys pressed                  Text inserted
 a                             after the cursor
 A                             after last character on the line
 i                             before the cursor
 I                             before first character on the line
 o                             open line below current line
 O                             open line above current line

 *Changing and replacing text*

 Keys pressed                  Text changed or replaced
 cw                            word
 3cw                           three words
 cc                            current line
 5cc                           five lines
 r                             current character only
 R                             current character and those to its right
 s                             current character
 S                             current line
 ~                             switch between lowercase and uppercase

 *Deleting text*

 Keys pressed                  Text deleted
 x                             character under cursor
 12x                           12 characters
 X                             character to left of cursor
 dw                            word
 3dw                           three words
 d0                            to beginning of line
 d$                            to end of line
 dd                            current line
 5dd                           five lines
 d{                            to beginning of paragraph
 d}                            to end of paragraph
 :1,. d                        to beginning of file
 :.,$ d                        to end of file
 :1,$ d                        whole file

 *Using markers and buffers*

 Command                       Description
 mf                            set marker named ``f''
 `f                            go to marker ``f''
 ´f                            go to start of line containing marker ``f''
 "s12yy                        copy 12 lines into buffer ``s''
 "ty}                          copy text from cursor to end of paragraph into buffer ``t''
 "ly1G                         copy text from cursor to top of file into buffer ``l''
 "kd`f                         cut text from cursor up to marker ``f'' into buffer ``k''
 "kp                           paste buffer ``k'' into text

 *Searching for text*

 Search                        Finds
 /and                          next occurrence of ``and'', for example, ``and'', ``stand'',``grand''
 ?and                          previous occurrence of ``and''
 /^The                         next line that starts with ``The'', for example, ``The'',``Then'', ``There''
 /^The\>                       next line that starts with the word ``The''
 /end$                         next line that ends with ``end''
 /[bB]ox                       next occurrence of ``box'' or ``Box''
 n                             repeat the most recent search, in the same direction
 N                             repeat the most recent search, in the opposite direction

 *Searching for and replacing text*

 Command                        Description
 :s/pear/peach/g                replace all occurrences of ``pear'' with ``peach'' on current line
 :/orange/s//lemon/g            change all occurrences of ``orange'' into ``lemon'' on next line containing ``orange''
 :.,$/\<file/directory/g        replace all words starting with ``file'' by ``directory'' on every line from current line onward, for example,``filename'' becomes ``directoryname''
 :g/one/s//1/g                  replace every occurrence of ``one'' with 1, for example,``oneself'' becomes ``1self'', ``someone'' becomes ``some1''

 *Matching patterns of text*

 Expression                     Matches
 .                              any single character
 *                              zero or more of the previous expression
 .*                             zero or more arbitrary characters
 \<                             beginning of a word
 \>                             end of a word
 \                              quote a special character
 \*                             the character ``*''
 ^                              beginning of a line
 $                              end of a line
 [set]                          one character from a set of characters
 [XYZ]                          one of the characters ``X'', ``Y'', or ``Z''
 [[:upper:]][[:lower:]]*        one uppercase character followed by any number of lowercase characters
 [^set]                         one character not from a set of characters
 [^XYZ[:digit:]]                any character except ``X'', ``Y'', ``Z'', or a numeric digit

 *Options to the :set command*

 Option                         Effect
 all                            list settings of all options
 ignorecase                     ignore case in searches
 list                           display <Tab> and end-of-line characters
 mesg                           display messages sent to your terminal
 nowrapscan                     prevent searches from wrapping round the end or beginning ofa file
 number                         display line numbers
 report=5                       warn if five or more lines are changed by command
 term=ansi                      set terminal type to ``ansi''
 terse                          shorten error messages
 warn                           display ``[No write since last change]'' on shell escape if filehas not been saved