关于“Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]”解决方案

问题说明，我在web.xml文件中进行了如下配置

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup></load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

但是报错

-Jul- ::49.829 严重 [RMI TCP Connection()-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext Context initialization failed
 org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:)
    at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:)
    at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:)
    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$(RMIConnectionImpl.java:)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:)
    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$.run(Transport.java:)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$.run(Transport.java:)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$(TCPTransport.java:)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]
    at org.springframework.web.context.support.ServletContextResource.getInputStream(ServletContextResource.java:)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:)
    ...  more

注意一下，其实重点就一句话，即Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]，异常也很明显，FileNotException，无法打开ServletContext的资源文件。

我们先从官方去寻找线索，看一看spring的官方文档，在The Web的章节中可以发现这样一段话：

如果不特意指定参数名为contextConfigLoction的<context-parameter>元素，那么spring的ContextLoderListener监听器就会在/WEB-INF/下去寻找并加载该目录下的名为applicationContext.xml这个文件。

所以应该在web.xml 文件中进行指定

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>

  <!--解决表单put请求-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>httpPutFormContentFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  </filter-mapping>

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>httpPutFormContentFilter</filter-name>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  </filter-mapping>

  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup></load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

修改过后运行正常