IOS定位核心与地图

Core Location以及Map框架包通常能给我们的应用程序添加定位和地图相关的服务。Core Location框架包通常是使用硬件设备来进行定位服务的，Map框架包通常能够使你的应用程序做一些地图展示与交互的相关功能。地图的定位服务一般需要依赖设备的硬件组成部分。如果有定位的硬件设备，那么肯定是可以利用地图框架包来进行地图的一些相关的操作。

为了能够在项目中使用到位置服务以及地图展示的相关功能，你必须要导入Core Location 和Map这两个框架包。如果你不知道怎么做，那么请参照如下步骤。

1.点击你的项目工程图标文件。

2.然后选择target选项，如图1所示。

3.然后选择Build Phase模块栏。

4.然后点开Link Binary With Libraries栏目，在点击+号按钮。

图1 添加相关的框架包

5.添加MapKit.framework和CoreLocation.framework这两个库

6.在使用地图和定位的地方，导入：

#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>

MKMapView是UIView的子类，所以可以像一个普通的View一样添加到ViewController的View当中。

以下是相关的代码

ViewController.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
#import "MyAnnotation.h"
@interface ViewController : UIViewController <MKMapViewDelegate,CLLocationManagerDelegate>
// MapView
@property (nonatomic,strong) MKMapView *myMapView;// 地图控件
// LocationManager
@property (nonatomic,strong) CLLocationManager *myLocationManager;// 位置管理器
@property (nonatomic,strong) CLGeocoder *myGeoCoder ;// 地理位置和真实地址转换
@end

ViewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
@synthesize myMapView;
@synthesize myLocationManager;
@synthesize myGeoCoder;
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
// 设置根View的背景颜色
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0x33 / 255.0f green:0x66 / 255.0f blue:0x99 / 255.0f alpha:0xFF / 255.0f];
// 初始化MapView并且设置MapView显示的边界
self.myMapView = [[MKMapView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
// self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeSatellite;
// self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeHybrid;
self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeStandard;
self.myMapView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
self.myMapView.delegate = self;
CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.034122, 116.289574);
MyAnnotation *annotation = [[MyAnnotation alloc]initWithCoordinate:coordinate title:@"我的位置" subTitle:@"这里就是寡人的位置，嘿嘿！"];
annotation.pinColor = MKPinAnnotationColorPurple;
[self.myMapView addAnnotation:annotation];
[self.myMapView setShowsUserLocation:YES];
[self.myMapView setCenterCoordinate:coordinate zoomLevel:15 animated:YES];
[self.view addSubview:myMapView];
if([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]){
self.myLocationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
self.myLocationManager.delegate = self;
// // 提示用户是否允许当前应用使用地理位置，已过时，在Info.plist中使用NSLocationUsageDescription键值替换
// self.myLocationManager.purpose = @"提示用户是否允许当前应用使用位置，已过时";
[self.myLocationManager startUpdatingLocation];
}else{
NSLog(@">>>>>>>>>> 位置服务不可用 <<<<<<<<<<<<");
UIAlertView *alertView = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"您的位置服务当前不可用，请打开位置服务后重试" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alertView show];
}
CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:40.034122 longitude:116.289574];
self.myGeoCoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];
[self.myGeoCoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks,NSError *error){
if(error == nil && [placemarks count] > 0){
CLPlacemark *pm = [placemarks objectAtIndex:0];
NSLog(@"国家：%@" ,pm.country);
NSLog(@"邮编：%@",pm.postalCode);
NSLog(@"Locality:%@",pm.locality);
}else if(error == nil && [placemarks count] == 0){
NSLog(@"没有地址返回");
}else if(error != nil){
NSLog(@"出错了：%@",error);
}
}];
[self.myGeoCoder geocodeAddressString:@"中国北京市海淀区花园东路10号高德大厦" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks,NSError *error){
if(nil == error && [placemarks count] > 0){
NSLog(@"placemarks count:%i",[placemarks count]);
CLPlacemark *pm = [placemarks objectAtIndex:0];
NSLog(@"longitude=%f",pm.location.coordinate.longitude);
NSLog(@"latitude=%f",pm.location.coordinate.latitude);
}else if([placemarks count] == 0 && error == nil){
NSLog(@"找不到给定地址的经纬度");
}else if(nil != nil){
NSLog(@"发生了错误:%@",error);
}
}];
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
-(void)viewDidUnload
{
[super viewDidUnload];
self.myMapView = nil;
[self.myLocationManager stopUpdatingLocation];
self.myLocationManager = nil;
}
-(BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)toInterfaceOrientation
{
return YES;
}
/*******************************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************************/
/*************************** MapView的Delegate的方法，全部都是Option的 *************************/
/*******************************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************************/
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionWillChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
NSLog(@"mapView:regionWillChangeAnimated:方法被调用");
}
// 用户的地理位置发生改变的时候调用
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
NSLog(@"mapView:regionDidChangeAnimated：方法被调用");
}
// 当地图界面将要加载的时候将会调用这个方法
- (void)mapViewWillStartLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView{
NSLog(@"mapViewWillStartLoadingMap:方法被调用");
}
// 当地图界面加载完成的时候将要调用这个方法
- (void)mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView{
NSLog(@"mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:方法被调用");
}
// 当地图界面加载失败的时候调用这个方法
- (void)mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView withError:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@"mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:withError:方法被调用，error is:%@" , [error description]);
}
// 添加到地图的Annotation
// mapView:viewForAnnotation: provides the view for each annotation.
// This method may be called for all or some of the added annotations.
// For MapKit provided annotations (eg. MKUserLocation) return nil to use the MapKit provided annotation view.
- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation
{
MKAnnotationView *view = nil;
if([annotation isKindOfClass:[MyAnnotation class]] == NO){
return view;
}
if([mapView isEqual:self.myMapView] == NO){
return view;
}
MyAnnotation *senderAnnotation = (MyAnnotation*)annotation;
NSString *pinReusableIdentifier = [MyAnnotation reusableIdentifierForPinColor:senderAnnotation.pinColor];
MKPinAnnotationView *annotationView = (MKPinAnnotationView*)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:pinReusableIdentifier];
if(annotationView == nil){
annotationView = [[MKPinAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotation:senderAnnotation reuseIdentifier:pinReusableIdentifier];
[annotationView setCanShowCallout:YES];
}
annotationView.pinColor = senderAnnotation.pinColor;
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentPath = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
NSString *cachePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingString:@"/images"];
NSString *cacheFile = [cachePath stringByAppendingString:@"icon.image"];
if([[NSFileManager defaultManager]fileExistsAtPath:cacheFile]){
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:cacheFile];
if(image != nil){
annotationView.image = image;
NSLog(@"通过本地设置图片");
}else{
[self setAnnotionImageByUrl:annotationView cacheFile:cacheFile];
}
}else{
[self setAnnotionImageByUrl:annotationView cacheFile:cacheFile];
}
view = annotationView;
return view;
}
-(void) setAnnotionImageByUrl:(MKPinAnnotationView *)annotationView cacheFile:(NSString *) cacheFile{
NSLog(@"通过网络设置文件");
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com/img/duanwulogo_94a0060bda0885d1c2320ca0d7d7c342.gif"];
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
if(data != nil){
[data writeToFile:cacheFile atomically:YES];
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
if(image != nil){
annotationView.image = image;
}
});
}
});
}
/**
// mapView:didAddAnnotationViews: is called after the annotation views have been added and positioned in the map.
// The delegate can implement this method to animate the adding of the annotations views.
// Use the current positions of the annotation views as the destinations of the animation.
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didAddAnnotationViews:(NSArray *)views;
// mapView:annotationView:calloutAccessoryControlTapped: is called when the user taps on left & right callout accessory UIControls.
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control;
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didDeselectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- (void)mapViewWillStartLocatingUser:(MKMapView *)mapView NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- (void)mapViewDidStopLocatingUser:(MKMapView *)mapView NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didFailToLocateUserWithError:(NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view didChangeDragState:(MKAnnotationViewDragState)newState
fromOldState:(MKAnnotationViewDragState)oldState NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id <MKOverlay>)overlay NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
// Called after the provided overlay views have been added and positioned in the map.
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didAddOverlayViews:(NSArray *)overlayViews NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didChangeUserTrackingMode:(MKUserTrackingMode)mode animated:(BOOL)animated NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 5_0);
*/
/*******************************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************************/
/*************************** 位置相关 *************************/
/*******************************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************************/
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateToLocation:(CLLocation *)newLocation fromLocation:(CLLocation *)oldLocation
{
NSLog(@"Latitude=%f",newLocation.coordinate.latitude);
NSLog(@"Longitude=%f",newLocation.coordinate.longitude);
}
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"获得位置失败");
}
@end

MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h

#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
@interface MKMapView (ZoomLevel)
- (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
zoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
animated:(BOOL)animated;
@end

MKMapView+ZoomLevel.m

#import "MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h"
@implementation MKMapView (ZoomLevel)
#define MERCATOR_OFFSET 268435456
#define MERCATOR_RADIUS 85445659.44705395
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Map conversion methods
- (double)longitudeToPixelSpaceX:(double)longitude
{
return round(MERCATOR_OFFSET + MERCATOR_RADIUS * longitude * M_PI / 180.0);
}
- (double)latitudeToPixelSpaceY:(double)latitude
{
return round(MERCATOR_OFFSET - MERCATOR_RADIUS * logf((1 + sinf(latitude * M_PI / 180.0)) / (1 - sinf(latitude * M_PI / 180.0))) / 2.0);
}
- (double)pixelSpaceXToLongitude:(double)pixelX
{
return ((round(pixelX) - MERCATOR_OFFSET) / MERCATOR_RADIUS) * 180.0 / M_PI;
}
- (double)pixelSpaceYToLatitude:(double)pixelY
{
return (M_PI / 2.0 - 2.0 * atan(exp((round(pixelY) - MERCATOR_OFFSET) / MERCATOR_RADIUS))) * 180.0 / M_PI;
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Helper methods
- (MKCoordinateSpan)coordinateSpanWithMapView:(MKMapView *)mapView
centerCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
andZoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
{
// convert center coordiate to pixel space
double centerPixelX = [self longitudeToPixelSpaceX:centerCoordinate.longitude];
double centerPixelY = [self latitudeToPixelSpaceY:centerCoordinate.latitude];
// determine the scale value from the zoom level
NSInteger zoomExponent = 20 - zoomLevel;
double zoomScale = pow(2, zoomExponent);
// scale the map's size in pixel space
CGSize mapSizeInPixels = mapView.bounds.size;
double scaledMapWidth = mapSizeInPixels.width * zoomScale;
double scaledMapHeight = mapSizeInPixels.height * zoomScale;
// figure out the position of the top-left pixel
double topLeftPixelX = centerPixelX - (scaledMapWidth / 2);
double topLeftPixelY = centerPixelY - (scaledMapHeight / 2);
// find delta between left and right longitudes
CLLocationDegrees minLng = [self pixelSpaceXToLongitude:topLeftPixelX];
CLLocationDegrees maxLng = [self pixelSpaceXToLongitude:topLeftPixelX + scaledMapWidth];
CLLocationDegrees longitudeDelta = maxLng - minLng;
// find delta between top and bottom latitudes
CLLocationDegrees minLat = [self pixelSpaceYToLatitude:topLeftPixelY];
CLLocationDegrees maxLat = [self pixelSpaceYToLatitude:topLeftPixelY + scaledMapHeight];
CLLocationDegrees latitudeDelta = -1 * (maxLat - minLat);
// create and return the lat/lng span
MKCoordinateSpan span = MKCoordinateSpanMake(latitudeDelta, longitudeDelta);
return span;
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Public methods
- (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
zoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
animated:(BOOL)animated
{
// clamp large numbers to 28
zoomLevel = MIN(zoomLevel, 28);
// use the zoom level to compute the region
MKCoordinateSpan span = [self coordinateSpanWithMapView:self centerCoordinate:centerCoordinate andZoomLevel:zoomLevel];
MKCoordinateRegion region = MKCoordinateRegionMake(centerCoordinate, span);
// set the region like normal
[self setRegion:region animated:animated];
}
@end

MyAnnotation.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
#define REUSABLE_PIN_RED @"Red"
#define REUSABLE_PIN_GREEN @"Green"
#define REUSABLE_PIN_PURPLE @"Purple"
@interface MyAnnotation : NSObject <MKAnnotation>
@property (nonatomic,readonly) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *title;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *subtitle;
@property (nonatomic,unsafe_unretained) MKPinAnnotationColor pinColor;
-(id) initWithCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D) coordinate
title:(NSString*) paramTitle
subTitle:(NSString*) paramSubTitle;
// 得到颜色
+(NSString *) reusableIdentifierForPinColor:(MKPinAnnotationColor) paramColor;
@end

MyAnnotation.m

#import "MyAnnotation.h"
@implementation MyAnnotation
@synthesize coordinate,title,subtitle,pinColor;
-(id) initWithCoordinate
:(CLLocationCoordinate2D) paramCoordinate title:(NSString *)paramTitle subTitle:(NSString *)paramSubTitle
{
self = [super init];
if(self != nil){
coordinate = paramCoordinate;
title = paramTitle;
subtitle = paramSubTitle;
pinColor = MKPinAnnotationColorGreen;
}
return self;
}
+(NSString *)reusableIdentifierForPinColor:(MKPinAnnotationColor)paramColor
{
NSString *result = nil;
switch (paramColor) {
case MKPinAnnotationColorRed:
result = REUSABLE_PIN_RED;
break;
case MKPinAnnotationColorGreen:
result = REUSABLE_PIN_GREEN;
break;
case MKPinAnnotationColorPurple:
result = REUSABLE_PIN_PURPLE;
}
return result;
}
@end

注意，在使用用户的位置的时候,系统会弹出是否允许应用使用位置的对话框，这个对话框中的提示文字，可以自己进行定义

在系统版本是6.0(包括6.0)以上的时候，在Info.plist文件中进行定义

<key>NSLocationUsageDescription</key>

<string>是否可以使用位置？如果需要使用本应用，是必须的！</string>

在6.0以下，这样进行定义

// // 提示用户是否允许当前应用使用地理位置，已过时，在Info.plist中使用NSLocationUsageDescription键值替换
// self.myLocationManager.purpose = @"提示用户是否允许当前应用使用位置，已过时";
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/xinye/archive/2013/06/13/3134746.html