宝塔上部署FastAPI的步骤和一些注意点

为了运维方便，选择直接用宝塔来管理python fastapi的项目，虽然直接部署可能性能更好更灵活，但是我选择了低层本，每个人的选择可能是不一样的，各有 考虑吧。

本文的大逻辑是先写一个helloworld的程序，然后再部署到服务器上

步骤一：先本地运行一个基于fastapi的helloWorld例子，方便后面在服务器上验证

1. 编写基于FastApi的Hello World文件main.py

import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()  

@app.get("/")
def sayHi():
    return {"message":"Hello world!"}

# 启动uvicorn服务，默认端口8000  uvicorn myapi:api  --reload
if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run('main:app')

2. 显示本地运行跑通，本地可以使用vscode编译器，并在运行dos命令

pip install fastapi[all]
uvicorn main:app  --reload

reload参数是为了修改代码后的热部署，运行没有报错后可以浏览器访问： http://127.0.0.1:8000

如果看到打印信息则说明OK

步骤二：在宝塔上部署python的环境

1. 商店安装插件python进程管理插件

* Python项目管理器：管理应用实例

* 进程守护管理器：实例进程的守护

2. 进入Python项目管理器，首先安装python版本，尽量与本地的一致，避免出现本地好的，服务器上出现问题，特别怕依赖包不一致的问题。本地查看版本的命令是

python --version

3.在本地生成requirements.txt，否则宝塔创建项目会报错。创建命令如下

pip freeze >requirements.txt
pip install -r requirements.txt

　　将代码上传到宝塔的/www/wwwpython/helloworld

4. 在python进程管理插件创建项目，具体参数如下，记得选择gunicon

5. 在配置修改参数，重启。

默认为worker_class = 'geventwebsocket.gunicorn.workers.GeventWebSocketWorker'
修改为worker_class = 'uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker'

7.这里有一个坑，启动后系统会自动暂停，日志报错如下的话，是2个问题，一是启动文件名为main.py，二是启动文件是app，即在main.py中启动命令是：

uvicorn.run('main:app')

具体报错信息如下：Worker failed to boot.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 586, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/ggevent.py", line 203, in init_process
    super(GeventWorker, self).init_process()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 41, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 350, in import_app
    __import__(module)
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gevent/builtins.py", line 96, in __import__
    result = _import(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/myapi.py", line 9
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe5' in file /www/wwwpython/helloworld/myapi.py on line 9, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details
[2023-03-25 09:26:44 +0000] [7373] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 7373)
[2023-03-25 09:26:44 +0000] [7368] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
[2023-03-25 09:26:44 +0000] [7368] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
[2023-03-25 09:26:45 +0000] [7385] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.10.0
[2023-03-25 09:26:45 +0000] [7385] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:12345 (7385)
[2023-03-25 09:26:45 +0000] [7385] [INFO] Using worker: geventwebsocket.gunicorn.workers.GeventWebSocketWorker
[2023-03-25 09:26:45 +0000] [7394] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 7394
[2023-03-25 09:26:45 +0000] [7394] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 586, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/ggevent.py", line 203, in init_process
    super(GeventWorker, self).init_process()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 41, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 350, in import_app
    __import__(module)
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/helloworld_venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gevent/builtins.py", line 96, in __import__
    result = _import(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/www/wwwpython/helloworld/myapi.py", line 9
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe5' in file /www/wwwpython/helloworld/myapi.py on line 9, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details
[2023-03-25 09:26:45 +0000] [7394] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 7394)
[2023-03-25 09:26:45 +0000] [7385] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
[2023-03-25 09:26:45 +0000] [7385] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.

8. 设置映射域名，比如设置了 demo.xxx.com，即系统会自动创建这个域名的网站，并设置了反向代理

通过 http://demo.xxx.com 返回正常即配置完成。

各位，祝好运，顺利完成配置。