Struts自定义拦截器&拦截器工作原理
0.拦截器的调用原理:
拦截器是一个继承了序列化接口的普通接口。其工作原理是讲需要被拦截的对象作为参数传到intercept()方法内，在方法内部对此对象进行处理之后再执行原方法。intercept(ActionInvocation invocation)是拦截处理的方法。
Interceptor .java
public interface Interceptor extends Serializable {
/**
* Called to let an interceptor clean up any resources it has allocated.
*/
void destroy();
/**
* Called after an interceptor is created, but before any requests are processed using
* {@link #intercept(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation) intercept} , giving
* the Interceptor a chance to initialize any needed resources.
*/
void init();
/**
* Allows the Interceptor to do some processing on the request before and/or after the rest of the processing of the
* request by the {@link ActionInvocation} or to short-circuit the processing and just return a String return code.
*
* @param invocation the action invocation
* @return the return code, either returned from {@link ActionInvocation#invoke()}, or from the interceptor itself.
* @throws Exception any system-level error, as defined in {@link com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action#execute()}.
*/
String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception;
}
1.自定义拦截器步骤
I. 定义一个拦截器的类
> 可以实现 Interceptor 接口
> 继承 AbstractInterceptor 抽象类
1.拦截器
package Action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor; public class PrivelegeInterceptor implements Interceptor { @Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void init() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//初始化方法，获得数据库信息。调用服务
} @Override
public String intercept(ActionInvocation arg0) throws Exception { //如果用户登录了就会有user属性(Session里面存一个session属性)
Object user = arg0.getInvocationContext().getSession().get("user");
// 上面可能是系统权限的管理
String result="";
System.out.println(user);
if(user!=null){
// 当满足条件时，让其执行，相当于是放行
arg0.invoke();
}else {
result = "logon";
ActionContext.getContext().put("msg", "您没有权限管理");
}
System.out.println(result);
return result;
}
}
2.被拦截的Action
package Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
public class UserAction {
public String addUI(){
ActionContext.getContext().put("msg", "成功执行了addUI操作");
System.out.println("执行addui操作");
return "success";
}
public String update(){
ActionContext.getContext().put("msg", "成功执行了update操作");
System.out.println("执行update操作");
return "success";
}
}
3.JSP页面(主页面，也就是开始时要访问Action的页面)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%-- <%
session.setAttribute("user", "uuuu");
%> --%>
Success
${msg }
<a href="/struts2interceptor/user_addUI.action">addui</a>
<a href="/struts2interceptor/user_update.action">update</a>
</body>
</html>
msg.jsp 也就是被拦截到没有权限时要去的页面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg }
</body>
</html>
II. 在 struts.xml 文件配置.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts>
<!--
package的名字必须唯一！只能拦截.action请求
默认值:class:com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport
method:execute
result的name属性:success 方法中返回success即可跳转到结果对应的页面 --> <!-- 第一个package命名空间 -->
<package name="intercept" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <!-- 拦截器 -->
<interceptors>
<!-- 定义刚才的拦截器 -->
<interceptor name="permission" class="Action.PrivelegeInterceptor"></interceptor>
<!-- 定义拦截器栈 -->
<interceptor-stack name="permissionStack">
<!-- 拦截器栈里面可以引用另外一个拦截器，也可以引用另外一个拦截器栈 -->
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="permission"></interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors> <action name="user_*" class="Action.UserAction" method="{1}">
<result>/index.jsp</result>
<result name="logon">/msg.jsp</result>
<!-- 使用拦截器栈 -->
<interceptor-ref name="permissionStack"></interceptor-ref>
</action>
</package> </struts>
第二种使用拦截器的方式是:(在前面定义一下拦截器，然后在Action中使用新定义的拦截器与默认的拦截器)
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="hello" class="com.atguigu.struts2.interceptors.MyInterceptor"></interceptor>
</interceptors>
<action name="testToken" class="com.atguigu.struts2.token.app.TokenAction">
<interceptor-ref name="hello"></interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
<result>/success.jsp</result>
<result name="invalid.token">/token-error.jsp</result>
</action>
III. 注意: 在自定义的拦截器中可以选择不调用 ActionInvocation 的 invoke() 方法. 那么后续的拦截器和 Action 方法将不会被调用.Struts 会渲染自定义拦截器 intercept 方法返回值对应的 result
这种经常用于权限管理，例如上面的拦截器，没有权限时，返回的是logon，自动渲染返回值为设置的值，然后根据返回值在Action配置中跳转到响应的页面。
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" 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IV.测试
1.没权限的测试，即session中不存在user
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2.有权限的测试，即session中存在user
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" alt="" />
结果:
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" alt="" />
Struts2 拦截器 和 过滤器 的区别：
①、过滤器依赖于 Servlet 容器，而拦截器不依赖于 Servlet 容器。
②、Struts2 拦截器只能对 Action 请求起作用，而过滤器则可以对几乎所 有请求起作用。
③、拦截器可以访问 Action 上下文(ActionContext)、值栈里的对象 (ValueStack)，而过滤器不能.
④、在 Action 的生命周期中，拦截器可以多次调用，而过滤器只能在容器 初始化时被调用一次。
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