一,备份前提描述

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode           Archive Mode

Automatic archival           Enabled

Archive destination           /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog

Oldest online log sequence     280

Next log sequence to archive   282

Current log sequence           282

SQL> show parameter recover

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest             string     /orcl/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl  --恢复区地址

db_recovery_file_dest_size         big integer 1G

db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking         boolean     TRUE

recovery_parallelism             integer     0

remote_recovery_file_dest         string

SQL>

可能用到的配置:
alter database archielog --开启归档日志
alter database open 开启数据库
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=20G; 闪回恢复区大小
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/orcl/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl';

二,生成备份

[oracle@node12c01 ~]$ rman  target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Apr 12 05:29:33 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1532278336)

RMAN> report schema   --以列出数据库中的表空间和文件信息等,在12c的输出中，临时表空间作为一个独立的信息部分被显示出来：

2> ;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name NODE12C01

List of Permanent Datafiles

===========================

File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name

---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------

1    830      SYSTEM               YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

3    970      SYSAUX               NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

4    70       UNDOTBS1             YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

5    250      PDB$SEED:SYSTEM      NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/system01.dbf

6    330      PDB$SEED:SYSAUX      NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf

7    5        USERS                NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

8    100      PDB$SEED:UNDOTBS1    NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

9    260      ORCLPDB:SYSTEM       YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/system01.dbf

10   430      ORCLPDB:SYSAUX       NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf

11   100      ORCLPDB:UNDOTBS1     YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf

12   5        ORCLPDB:USERS        NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/users01.dbf

13   250      HRPDB:SYSTEM         YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/system01.dbf

14   350      HRPDB:SYSAUX         NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/sysaux01.dbf

15   100      HRPDB:UNDOTBS1       YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/undotbs01.dbf

16   250      SALESPDB:SYSTEM      YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/system01.dbf

17   350      SALESPDB:SYSAUX      NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/sysaux01.dbf

18   100      SALESPDB:UNDOTBS1    YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/undotbs01.dbf

List of Temporary Files

=======================

File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name

---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------

1    131      TEMP                 32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf

2    64       PDB$SEED:TEMP        32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/temp012019-04-02_03-07-18-378-AM.dbf

3    129      ORCLPDB:TEMP         32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/temp01.dbf

4    64       HRPDB:TEMP           32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/temp012019-04-02_03-07-18-378-AM.dbf

5    64       SALESPDB:TEMP        32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/temp012019-04-02_03-07-18-378-AM.dbf

RMAN> backup pluggable database orclpdb,salespdb;  --支持对单个或者多个PDB文件的备份

Starting backup at 12-APR-19

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=271 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00010 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00009 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00011 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00012 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_69_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T053110 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00017 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00016 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00018 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_70_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T053110 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 12-APR-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/orcl/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/NODE12C01/autobackup/2019_04_12/o1_mf_s_1005370293_gc0pqo9m_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-APR-19

RMAN> backup pluggable database "CDB$ROOT";  --备份CDB根即下面所有的PDB

Starting backup at 12-APR-19

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00003 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_72_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T053207 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 12-APR-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/orcl/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/NODE12C01/autobackup/2019_04_12/o1_mf_s_1005370334_gc0prz1p_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-APR-19

RMAN> backup database root;   --  只备份CDB数据库需要具有SYSDBA或SYSBACKUP权限用户连接到CDB的root环境下，执行backupdatabase root命令即可完成对CDB的备份

Starting backup at 12-APR-19

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00003 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_74_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T053852 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 12-APR-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/orcl/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/NODE12C01/autobackup/2019_04_12/o1_mf_s_1005370739_gc0q5nhk_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-APR-19

RMAN> backup database; -- 备份所有

Starting backup at 12-APR-19

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00003 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_76_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T054009 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00010 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00009 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00011 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00012 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_77_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T054009 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00014 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00013 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00015 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_78_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T054009 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00017 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00016 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00018 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_79_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T054009 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00006 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00008 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-19

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_80_1.bkp tag=TAG20190412T054009 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 12-APR-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-APR-19

piece handle=/orcl/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/NODE12C01/autobackup/2019_04_12/o1_mf_s_1005370833_gc0q8log_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-APR-19

RMAN> report schema;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name NODE12C01

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    830      SYSTEM               YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
3    1070     SYSAUX               NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
4    70       UNDOTBS1             YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
5    250      PDB$SEED:SYSTEM      NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/system01.dbf
6    330      PDB$SEED:SYSAUX      NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
7    5        USERS                NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
8    100      PDB$SEED:UNDOTBS1    NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
9    260      ORCLPDB:SYSTEM       YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/system01.dbf
10   470      ORCLPDB:SYSAUX       NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf
11   100      ORCLPDB:UNDOTBS1     YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf
12   5        ORCLPDB:USERS        NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/users01.dbf
13   250      HRPDB:SYSTEM         YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/system01.dbf
14   350      HRPDB:SYSAUX         NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/sysaux01.dbf
15   100      HRPDB:UNDOTBS1       YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/undotbs01.dbf
16   250      SALESPDB:SYSTEM      YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/system01.dbf
17   350      SALESPDB:SYSAUX      NO      /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/sysaux01.dbf
18   100      SALESPDB:UNDOTBS1    YES     /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/undotbs01.dbf

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    131      TEMP                 32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
2    64       PDB$SEED:TEMP        32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/temp012019-04-02_03-07-18-378-AM.dbf
3    129      ORCLPDB:TEMP         32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/temp01.dbf
4    64       HRPDB:TEMP           32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/temp012019-04-02_03-07-18-378-AM.dbf
5    64       SALESPDB:TEMP        32767       /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/salespdb/temp012019-04-02_03-07-18-378-AM.dbf

RMAN> backup tablespace HRPDB:SYSTEM;   单独备份表空间

Starting backup at 15-APR-19
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=276 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00013 name=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/hrpdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-APR-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-APR-19
piece handle=/home/oracle/dgback/ORCL_1532278336_82_1.bkp tag=TAG20190415T050535 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-APR-19

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-APR-19
piece handle=/orcl/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/NODE12C01/autobackup/2019_04_15/o1_mf_s_1005627936_gc8lc1of_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-APR-19

三,恢复

recover pluggable database SALESPDB;  恢复单个PDB

restore database; --全备恢复
recover database;

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