nodejs对静态文件目录的处理

Serving static files in Express

To serve static files such as images, CSS files, and JavaScript files, use the express.static built-in middleware function in Express.

Pass the name of the directory that contains the static assets to the express.static middleware function to start serving the files directly. For example, use the following code to serve images, CSS files, and JavaScript files in a directory named public:

app.use(express.static('public'))

Now, you can load the files that are in the public directory:

http://localhost:3000/images/kitten.jpg
http://localhost:3000/css/style.css
http://localhost:3000/js/app.js
http://localhost:3000/images/bg.png
http://localhost:3000/hello.html

Express looks up the files relative to the static directory, so the name of the static directory is not part of the URL.

To use multiple static assets directories, call the express.static middleware function multiple times:

app.use(express.static('public'))
app.use(express.static('files'))

Express looks up the files in the order in which you set the static directories with the express.static middleware function.

To create a virtual path prefix (where the path does not actually exist in the file system) for files that are served by the express.static function,specify a mount path for the static directory, as shown below:

app.use('/static', express.static('public'))

Now, you can load the files that are in the public directory from the /static path prefix.

http://localhost:3000/static/images/kitten.jpg
http://localhost:3000/static/css/style.css
http://localhost:3000/static/js/app.js
http://localhost:3000/static/images/bg.png
http://localhost:3000/static/hello.html

However, the path that you provide to the express.static function is relative to the directory from where you launch your node process. If you run the express app from another directory, it’s safer to use the absolute path of the directory that you want to serve:

app.use('/static', express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))

openshift上创建的node1.0工程样例中index.html引用的所有资源都是绝对地址，

为什么呢，因为它不知道我们的目录结构，也不想建一些我们不想要的目录，就空着了。

四处查询得出一个结论，必须得对静态文件目录作处理才能不至于404，而工程里只有一个server.js

#!/bin/env node
//  OpenShift sample Node application
var express = require('express');
var fs      = require('fs');

/**
 *  Define the sample application.
 */
var SampleApp = function() {

    //  Scope.
    var self = this;

    /*  ================================================================  */
    /*  Helper functions.                                                 */
    /*  ================================================================  */

    /**
     *  Set up server IP address and port # using env variables/defaults.
     */
    self.setupVariables = function() {
        //  Set the environment variables we need.
        self.ipaddress = process.env.OPENSHIFT_NODEJS_IP;
        self.port      = process.env.OPENSHIFT_NODEJS_PORT || 8080;

        if (typeof self.ipaddress === "undefined") {
            //  Log errors on OpenShift but continue w/ 127.0.0.1 - this
            //  allows us to run/test the app locally.
            console.warn('No OPENSHIFT_NODEJS_IP var, using 127.0.0.1');
            self.ipaddress = "127.0.0.1";
        };
    };

    /**
     *  Populate the cache.
     */
    self.populateCache = function() {
        if (typeof self.zcache === "undefined") {
            self.zcache = { 'index.html': '' };
        }

        //  Local cache for static content.
        self.zcache['index.html'] = fs.readFileSync('./index.html');
    };

    /**
     *  Retrieve entry (content) from cache.
     *  @param {string} key  Key identifying content to retrieve from cache.
     */
    self.cache_get = function(key) { return self.zcache[key]; };

    /**
     *  terminator === the termination handler
     *  Terminate server on receipt of the specified signal.
     *  @param {string} sig  Signal to terminate on.
     */
    self.terminator = function(sig){
        if (typeof sig === "string") {
           console.log('%s: Received %s - terminating sample app ...',
                       Date(Date.now()), sig);
           process.exit(1);
        }
        console.log('%s: Node server stopped.', Date(Date.now()) );
    };

    /**
     *  Setup termination handlers (for exit and a list of signals).
     */
    self.setupTerminationHandlers = function(){
        //  Process on exit and signals.
        process.on('exit', function() { self.terminator(); });

        // Removed 'SIGPIPE' from the list - bugz 852598.
        ['SIGHUP', 'SIGINT', 'SIGQUIT', 'SIGILL', 'SIGTRAP', 'SIGABRT',
         'SIGBUS', 'SIGFPE', 'SIGUSR1', 'SIGSEGV', 'SIGUSR2', 'SIGTERM'
        ].forEach(function(element, index, array) {
            process.on(element, function() { self.terminator(element); });
        });
    };

    /*  ================================================================  */
    /*  App server functions (main app logic here).                       */
    /*  ================================================================  */

    /**
     *  Create the routing table entries + handlers for the application.
     */
    self.createRoutes = function() {
        self.routes = { };

        self.routes['/asciimo'] = function(req, res) {
            var link = "http://i.imgur.com/kmbjB.png";
            res.send("<html><body><img src='" + link + "'></body></html>");
        };

        self.routes['/'] = function(req, res) {
            res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
            res.send(self.cache_get('index.html') );
        };
    };

    /**
     *  Initialize the server (express) and create the routes and register
     *  the handlers.
     */
    self.initializeServer = function() {
        self.createRoutes();
        self.app = express.createServer();

        //  Add handlers for the app (from the routes).
        for (var r in self.routes) {
            self.app.get(r, self.routes[r]);
        }
    };

    /**
     *  Initializes the sample application.
     */
    self.initialize = function() {
        self.setupVariables();
        self.populateCache();
        self.setupTerminationHandlers();

        // Create the express server and routes.
        self.initializeServer();
    };

    /**
     *  Start the server (starts up the sample application).
     */
    self.start = function() {
        //  Start the app on the specific interface (and port).
        self.app.listen(self.port, self.ipaddress, function() {
            console.log('%s: Node server started on %s:%d ...',
                        Date(Date.now() ), self.ipaddress, self.port);
        });
    };

};   /*  Sample Application.  */

/**
 *  main():  Main code.
 */
var zapp = new SampleApp();
zapp.initialize();
zapp.start();

openshift - server.js

另一个例子

#!/bin/env node

var express = require('express'),
    fs = require('fs'),
    io, MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient,
    MONGODB_ITEMS_TO_LOAD_LIMIT = 50,
    markdown = require("markdown").markdown;

var MyApp = function() {

    var self = this;
    self.setupVariables = function() {
        self.appname = process.env.OPENSHIFT_APP_NAME || 'rtwc';
        self.ipaddress = process.env.OPENSHIFT_INTERNAL_IP || process.env.OPENSHIFT_NODEJS_IP;
        self.port = process.env.OPENSHIFT_INTERNAL_PORT || process.env.OPENSHIFT_NODEJS_PORT || 8082;
        self.dbport = process.env.OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_PORT || 27017;
        self.dbname = self.appname;

        if (typeof self.ipaddress === "undefined") {
            console.warn('No OPENSHIFT_NODEJS_IP var, using 127.0.0.1');
            self.ipaddress = "127.0.0.1";
        }
        if (process.env.OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_PASSWORD) {
            console.log("We are in OpenShift");
            self.connection_string = process.env.OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_USERNAME + ":" +
                process.env.OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_PASSWORD + "@" +
                process.env.OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_HOST + ':' +
                self.dbport + '/' +
                self.dbname;
        } else {
            console.log("We are in localhost");
            self.connection_string = 'admin:VVkkGUKNh2by@' + self.ipaddress + ':' + self.dbport + '/' + self.dbname;
        }
    };

    /**
     *  Retrieve entry (content) from cache.
     *  @param {string} key  Key identifying content to retrieve from cache.
     */
    self.cache_get = function(key) {
        return self.zcache[key];
    };

    /**
     *  terminator === the termination handler
     *  Terminate server on receipt of the specified signal.
     *  @param {string} sig  Signal to terminate on.
     */
    self.terminator = function(sig) {
        if (typeof sig === "string") {
            console.log('%s: Received %s - terminating sample app ...',
                Date(Date.now()), sig);
            process.exit(1);
        }
        console.log('%s: Node server stopped.', Date(Date.now()));
    };

    /**
     *  Setup termination handlers (for exit and a list of signals).
     */
    self.setupTerminationHandlers = function() {
        console.log("We are in localhost");
        self.connection_string = 'admin:VVkkGUKNh2by@' + self.ipaddress + ':' + self.dbport + '/' + self.dbname;
    };
};

/**
 *  Retrieve entry (content) from cache.
 *  @param {string} key  Key identifying content to retrieve from cache.
 */
self.cache_get = function(key) {
    return self.zcache[key];
};

/**
 *  terminator === the termination handler
 *  Terminate server on receipt of the specified signal.
 *  @param {string} sig  Signal to terminate on.
 */
self.terminator = function(sig) {
    if (typeof sig === "string") {
        console.log('%s: Received %s - terminating sample app ...',
            Date(Date.now()), sig);
        process.exit(1);
    }
    console.log('%s: Node server stopped.', Date(Date.now()));
};

/**
 *  Setup termination handlers (for exit and a list of signals).
 */
self.setupTerminationHandlers = function() {
    /**
     *  Create the routing table entries + handlers for the application.
     */
    self.createRoutes = function() {
        self.routes = {};
        self.routes['/health'] = function(req, res) {
            res.send('1');
        };

        self.routes['/asciimo'] = function(req, res) {
            var link = "http://i.imgur.com/kmbjB.png";
            res.send("<html><body><img src='" + link + "'></body></html>");
        };

        self.routes['/env'] = function(req, res) {
            var content = 'Version: ' + process.version + '\n<br/>\n' +
                'Env: {<br/>\n<pre>';
            for (var k in process.env) {
                content += '   ' + k + ': ' + process.env[k] + '\n';
            }
            content += '}\n</pre><br/>\n';
            res.send(content);
            res.send('<html>\n' +
                '  <head><title>Node.js Process Env</title></head>\n' +
                '  <body>\n<br/>\n' + content + '</body>\n</html>');
        };
        self.routes['/'] = function(req, res) {
            res.render('page'); // page.jade is our template
        };

    };

    /**
     *  Initialize the server (express), create the routes and register
     *  the handlers.
     */
    self.initializeServer = function() {
        self.createRoutes();
        self.app = express();
        self.app.set('views', __dirname + '/tpl');
        self.app.set('view engine', 'jade');
        self.app.engine('jade', require('jade').__express);
        for (var r in self.routes) {
            self.app.get(r, self.routes[r]);
        }

        self.app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
        self.app.use('/docs', express.static(__dirname + '/docs'));
    };

    /**
     *  Initializes the sample application.
     */
    self.initialize = function() {
        self.setupVariables();
        /*self.populateCache();*/
        self.setupTerminationHandlers();
        self.initializeServer();

    };

    /**
     *  Start the server (starts up the sample application).
     */
    self.start = function() {
        io = require('socket.io').listen(
            self.app.listen(self.port, self.ipaddress, function() {
                console.log('%s: Node server started on %s:%d ...',
                    Date(Date.now()), self.ipaddress, self.port);
            }));
        io.sockets.on('connection', function(socket) {
            socket.emit('connected', { id: socket.id });
            console.log("Socket with ID %s connected on %s",
                socket.id, new Date());
            socket.on('recognizing user', function(user) {

                if (user.isNewish) {
                    socket.set('nickname', user.name);
                }

                io.sockets.emit('user recognized', user);

            });
            MongoClient.connect('mongodb://' + self.connection_string, function(err, db) {
                if (err) throw err;
                db.collection('messages').find().sort({ $natural: -1 }).limit(MONGODB_ITEMS_TO_LOAD_LIMIT).toArray(function(err, docs) {
                    if (err) throw err;
                    socket.emit('messages loaded', docs.reverse());
                    db.close();
                });
            });

            socket.on('set nickname', function(user) {
                socket.set('nickname', user.newName, function() {
                    socket.broadcast.emit('nickname set', user);
                    socket.emit('nickname set', user);
                });
            });

            socket.on('writing', function(data) {
                this.broadcast.emit('written', data);
            });

            socket.on('send message', function(data) {
                data.text = markdown.toHTML(data.text);
                io.sockets.emit('message', data);
                MongoClient.connect('mongodb://' + self.connection_string, function(err, db) {
                    if (err) throw err;
                    db.collection('messages').insert(data, { w: 1 }, function(err, result) {
                        if (err) throw err;
                        console.log("Message saved:");
                        console.log(data);
                        db.close();
                    });
                });
            });

            socket.on('disconnect', function() {
                socket.get('nickname', function(err, name) {
                    if (err) throw err;
                    socket.broadcast.emit('disconnected', {
                        id: socket.id,
                        name: name
                    });
                    console.log("%s (%s) disconnected. %s", name, socket.id, new Date());
                });
            });
        });

    };

}; /*  End of application.  */

/**
 *  main():  Main code.
 */
var server = new MyApp();
server.initialize();
server.start();

server.js

参看这篇文章，以及上面的写法：

Express细节探究(1)——app.use(express.static)

//尝试了文中最后一句'/static'终于奇迹般的加载成功了！ 最后改为常见的当前路径'/'
self.initializeServer = function() {
        self.createRoutes();
        self.app = express.createServer();
        self.app.use('/', express.static(__dirname + '/web'));        

//  Add handlers for the app (from the routes).
        for (var r in self.routes) {
            self.app.get(r, self.routes[r]);
        }
    };
//使用"/"表示静态资源目录'/web'

其实也就在openshift的sample上加了一行代码，没倒腾过服务器可把我坑了几个小时。。

一般的部署教程到后面都是讲数据库，都没人care这个简单的问题。

html里面这么引用就可以了，不用省了/web/...还搞一个/static/...替代它。

<script src="/html/js/lib/createjs-2015.11.26.min.js"></script>

另一篇通俗的阐述了为什么不能直接读取html中制定的资源。