iOS内置麦克风选择方法

在avaudiosession使用中：

模式中的AVAudioSessionModeVoiceChat用于VoIP是由系统进行默认选择的最适合的麦克风

模式中的AVAudioSessionModeVideoRecording默认选择上麦克风，离摄像头最近的那个，主要用于VOIP

上边只是个人测试结果，如有不妥，请帮助指正

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关于内置麦克风用户设置

官方文档设置麦克风问题的回答：

Documentation ArchiveDeveloper

 

Technical Q&A QA1799

AVAudioSession - Microphone Selection

Important: This document is no longer being updated. For the latest information about Apple SDKs, visit the documentation website.

Q:  How can I choose a specific built-in microphone when recording?

A: iOS 6 automatically selects the choice of built-in microphone (on devices that have two or more built-in microphones) through the use of audio session modes. Modes affect possible routes and the digital signal processing used for input. It is important to note that they are optimized for the use case specified by each mode and setting a mode may also affect other aspects of the route being used. For example, when recording video setting the AVAudioSessionModeVideoRecording audio session mode will select the "top" microphone instead of the default "bottom" microphone on iPhone 4/4S, and on iPhone 5 the "front" and "back" microphones will be used to provide directional noise reduction through beam forming processing.

iOS 7 offers developers more flexibility in terms of selecting specific built-in microphones.

Using APIs introduced in iOS 7, developers can perform tasks such as locating a port description that represents the built-in microphone, locating specific microphones like the "front", "back" or "bottom", setting your choice of microphone as the preferred data source, setting the built-in microphone port as the preferred input and even selecting a preferred microphone polar pattern if the hardware supports it. See AVAudioSession.h.

API Summary - Preferred Inputs, Microphone Selection and Configuration

Important: Applications should set their audio session category and mode then activate the audio session prior to using any of the input selection features.

availableInputs Property

To discover what input ports are connected (or built-in) use the AVAudioSession property availableInputs. This property returns an NSArray of AVAudioSessionPortDescription objects.

/* Get the set of input ports that are available for routing. Note that this property only applies to the session's current category and mode.

   For example, if the session's current category is AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback, there will be no available inputs. */

@property(readonly) NSArray * availableInputs NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0); /* NSArray of AVAudioSessionPortDescription objects. */

setPreferredInput:error: Method

Ports (AVAudioSessionPortDescription objects) can be identified by their portType property, for example AVAudioSessionPortBuiltInMic, AVAudioSessionPortHeadsetMic and so on. See AVAudioSession.h for further details.

To set a preferred input port (built-in mic, wired mic, USB input, etc.) use the AVAudioSession setPreferredInput:error: method. This method takes a AVAudioSessionPortDescription object.

/* Select a preferred input port for audio routing. If the input port is already part of the current audio route, this will have no effect.

   Otherwise, selecting an input port for routing will initiate a route change to use the preferred input port, provided that the application's

   session controls audio routing. */

- (BOOL) setPreferredInput:(AVAudioSessionPortDescription*)inPort error:(NSError **)outError NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

dataSources Property

For ports that support data sources (built-in microphone, some USB accessories), applications can discover what data sources are available by querying the AVAudioSessionPortDescription's dataSources property. In the case of "built-in microphone", the returned description represents each individual microphone. Different devices will return different data source information. The iPhone 4 and 4S have two microphones; "bottom" and "top". The iPhone 5 has 3 microphones; "bottom", "front", and "back".

/* Array of AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription objects. Will be nil if there are no selectable data sources. */

@property(readonly) NSArray *	dataSources NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

Individual built-in microphones may be identified by a combination of a AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription's location property (AVAudioSessionLocationUpper, AVAudioSessionLocationLower) and orientation property (AVAudioSessionOrientationTop, AVAudioSessionOrientationFront and so on). See AVAudioSession.h for further details.

setPreferredDataSource:error: Method

Applications may set a preferred data source by using the setPreferredDataSource:error: method of a AVAudioSessionPortDescription object. This method takes a AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription object.

/* Select the preferred data source for this port. The input dataSource parameter must be one of the dataSources exposed by the dataSources property.

Note: if the port is part of the active audio route, changing the data source will likely

result in a route reconfiguration. If the port is not part of the active route, selecting a new data source will

not result in an immediate route reconfiguration. Use AVAudioSession's setPreferredInput:error: method to activate the port. */

- (BOOL) setPreferredDataSource:(AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription *)dataSource error:(NSError **)outError NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

supportedPolarPatterns Property

Some iOS devices support getting and setting microphone polar patterns for some of the built-in microphones. The iPhone 5 supports setting the preferred polar pattern for the "front" and "back" built-in microphones. Available patterns are returned using the supportedPolarPatternsproperty of a AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription. This property will either return an array of supported polar patterns for the data source, for example AVAudioSessionPolarPatternCardioid, AVAudioSessionPolarPatternOmnidirectional and so on, or nil when no selectable patterns are available.

/* Array of one or more NSStrings describing the supported polar patterns for a data source. Will be nil for data sources that have no selectable patterns. */

@property(readonly) NSArray *	supportedPolarPatterns NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

setPreferredPolarPattern:error: Method

If the data source has a number of supported polar patters, you can set the preferred polar pattern by using the AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription's setPreferredPolarPattern:error: method.

/* Select the desired polar pattern from the set of available patterns. Note: if the owning port and data source are part of the active audio route,

   changing the polar pattern will likely result in a route reconfiguration. If the owning port and data source are not part of the active route,

   selecting a polar pattern will not result in an immediate route reconfiguration. Use AVAudioSession's setPreferredInput:error: method

   to activate the port. Use setPreferredDataSource:error: to active the data source on the port. */

- (BOOL) setPreferredPolarPattern:(NSString *)pattern error:(NSError **)outError NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

Listing 1 demonstrates how applications can find the AVAudioSessionPortDescription that represents the built-in microphone, locate the front microphone (on iPhone 5 or another device that has a front facing microphone), set the front microphone as the preferred data source and set the built-in microphone port as the preferred input.

Listing 1  Demonstrate Input Selection.

#import <AVFoundation/AVAudioSession.h>

- (void) demonstrateInputSelection

{

    NSError* theError = nil;

    BOOL result = YES;

    AVAudioSession* myAudioSession = [AVAudioSession sharedInstance];

    result = [myAudioSession setCategory:AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord error:&theError];

    if (!result)

    {

        NSLog(@"setCategory failed");

    }

    result = [myAudioSession setActive:YES error:&theError];

    if (!result)

    {

        NSLog(@"setActive failed");

    }

    // Get the set of available inputs. If there are no audio accessories attached, there will be

    // only one available input -- the built in microphone.

    NSArray* inputs = [myAudioSession availableInputs];

    // Locate the Port corresponding to the built-in microphone.

    AVAudioSessionPortDescription* builtInMicPort = nil;

    for (AVAudioSessionPortDescription* port in inputs)

    {

        if ([port.portType isEqualToString:AVAudioSessionPortBuiltInMic])

        {

            builtInMicPort = port;

            break;

        }

    }

    // Print out a description of the data sources for the built-in microphone

    NSLog(@"There are %u data sources for port :\"%@\"", (unsigned)[builtInMicPort.dataSources count], builtInMicPort);

    NSLog(@"%@", builtInMicPort.dataSources);

    // loop over the built-in mic's data sources and attempt to locate the front microphone

    AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription* frontDataSource = nil;

    for (AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription* source in builtInMicPort.dataSources)

    {

        if ([source.orientation isEqual:AVAudioSessionOrientationFront])

        {

            frontDataSource = source;

            break;

        }

    } // end data source iteration

    if (frontDataSource)

    {

        NSLog(@"Currently selected source is \"%@\" for port \"%@\"", builtInMicPort.selectedDataSource.dataSourceName, builtInMicPort.portName);

        NSLog(@"Attempting to select source \"%@\" on port \"%@\"", frontDataSource, builtInMicPort.portName);

        // Set a preference for the front data source.

        theError = nil;

        result = [builtInMicPort setPreferredDataSource:frontDataSource error:&theError];

        if (!result)

        {

            // an error occurred. Handle it!

            NSLog(@"setPreferredDataSource failed");

        }

    }

    // Make sure the built-in mic is selected for input. This will be a no-op if the built-in mic is

    // already the current input Port.

    theError = nil;

    result = [myAudioSession setPreferredInput:builtInMicPort error:&theError];

    if (!result)

    {

        // an error occurred. Handle it!

        NSLog(@"setPreferredInput failed");

    }

}

Listing 1 will produce the following console output when run on an iPhone 5:

There are 3 data sources for port :"<AVAudioSessionPortDescription: 0x14d935a0, type = MicrophoneBuiltIn; name = iPhone Microphone; UID = Built-In Microphone; selectedDataSource = Bottom>"

(

    "<AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription: 0x14d93800, ID = 1835216945; name = Bottom>",

    "<AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription: 0x14d938d0, ID = 1835216946; name = Front>",

    "<AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription: 0x14d93a10, ID = 1835216947; name = Back>"

)

Currently selected source is "Bottom" for port "iPhone Microphone"

Attempting to select source "<AVAudioSessionDataSourceDescription: 0x14d938d0, ID = 1835216946; name = Front>" on port "iPhone Microphone”

Note: While the focus of this Q&A is input and microphone selection for recording, a few details about output routing are worth mentioning when the audio session category is specifically AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord.

To change the output side of the audio route, applications may include a MPVolumeView to easily give users access to the route picker.

Applications may set the audio session option AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionDefaultToSpeaker or use the AVAudioSessionPortOverrideSpeaker override for speakerphone functionality. See Q&A QA1754 for details.

The preferred method for overriding to the speaker instead of the receiver for speakerphone functionality is through the use of MPVolumeView.

If an application uses the setPreferredInput:error: method to select a Bluetooth HFP input, the output will automatically be changed to the Bluetooth HFP output. Moreover, selecting a Bluetooth HFP output using the MPVolumeView's route picker will automatically change the input to the Bluetooth HFP input. Therefore both the input and output will always end up on the Bluetooth HFP device even though only the input or output was set individually.

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Document Revision History

Date	Notes
2014-01-21	Editorial
2013-09-03	New document that describes how to choose a specific microphone "Front", "Bottom", "Rear" and so on when available on a device.