apt-get dpkg lock 和 debconf 问题

一：

在用sudo apt-get install 安装软件时，由于速度太慢，想换个软件源，直接关闭了终端，apt－get但进程没有结束，结果终端提示

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

E: 无法获得锁 /var/lib/dpkg/lock – open (: 资源暂时不可用)
E: 无法锁定管理目录(/var/lib/dpkg/)，是否有其他进程正占用它？

解决办法如下：
1 终端输入 ps -aux | grep apt，列出进程。找到含有apt的进程，直接sudo kill PID。解决。
2 强制解锁,命令

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

二：

debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable

debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: 资源暂时不可用

Setting up shim-signed (1.19~16.04.+0.8-0ubuntu2) ...
debconf: DbDriver "config": /var/cache/debconf/config.dat is locked by another process: Resource temporarily unavailable
dpkg: error processing package shim-signed (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status
Errors were encountered while processing:
 shim-signed

解决方法：

$ sudo lsof /var/cache/debconf/config.dat
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon file system /home/amw/.gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
frontend  root    4uW  REG    ,      /var/cache/debconf/config.dat

$ sudo kill 

$ sudo apt-get autoclean

$ sudo apt-get clean

$ sudo apt-get autoremove 

$ sudo apt-get update

然后可以试着用apt-get安装软件。