本文打算将蓝牙适配器和手机蓝牙进行配对。

买了个支持蓝牙4.0协议的蓝牙适配器，将其插入到pc（debian 7.4）的usb口。

查看手机蓝牙信息：

选择手机中"设置"->"关于手机"->"状态信息"可以看到蓝牙地址是18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A

pc上安装蓝牙工具：

sudo apt-get install bluez bluez-hcidump

查看系统输出信息：

$ dmesg | tail -n

[25259.408121] usb -1.2: new full-speed USB device number  using ehci_hcd

[25259.614615] usb -1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=0a12, idProduct=

[25259.614621] usb -1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=, Product=, SerialNumber=

[25259.614626] usb -1.2: Product: CSR8510 A10

查看蓝牙适配器设备信息：

$ lsusb

Bus  Device : ID 1d6b: Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Bus  Device : ID 1d6b: Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

Bus  Device : ID 1d6b: Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

Bus  Device : ID 1d6b: Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

Bus  Device : ID 1d6b: Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

Bus  Device : ID 1a40: Terminus Technology Inc. -Port HUB

Bus 001 Device 031: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)

Bus  Device : ID 046d:c05a Logitech, Inc. Optical Mouse M90

Bus  Device : ID 413c: Dell Computer Corp. Keyboard

$ lsusb -s : -v

Bus  Device : ID 0a12: Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)

Couldn't open device, some information will be missing

Device Descriptor:

  bLength

  bDescriptorType

  bcdUSB               2.00

  bDeviceClass           Wireless

  bDeviceSubClass          Radio Frequency

  bDeviceProtocol          Bluetooth

  bMaxPacketSize0

  idVendor           0x0a12 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd

  idProduct          0x0001 Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)

  bcdDevice           88.91

  iManufacturer

  iProduct

  iSerial

  bNumConfigurations

  Configuration Descriptor:

    bLength

    bDescriptorType

    wTotalLength

    bNumInterfaces

    bConfigurationValue

    iConfiguration

    bmAttributes         0xe0

      Self Powered

      Remote Wakeup

    MaxPower              100mA

    Interface Descriptor:

      bLength

      bDescriptorType

      bInterfaceNumber

      bAlternateSetting

      bNumEndpoints

      bInterfaceClass        Wireless

      bInterfaceSubClass       Radio Frequency

      bInterfaceProtocol       Bluetooth

      iInterface

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x81  EP  IN

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Interrupt

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0010  1x  bytes

        bInterval

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x02  EP  OUT

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Bulk

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0040  1x  bytes

        bInterval

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x82  EP  IN

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Bulk

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0040  1x  bytes

        bInterval

    Interface Descriptor:

      bLength

      bDescriptorType

      bInterfaceNumber

      bAlternateSetting

      bNumEndpoints

      bInterfaceClass        Wireless

      bInterfaceSubClass       Radio Frequency

      bInterfaceProtocol       Bluetooth

      iInterface

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x03  EP  OUT

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0000  1x  bytes

        bInterval

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x83  EP  IN

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0000  1x  bytes

        bInterval

    Interface Descriptor:

      bLength

      bDescriptorType

      bInterfaceNumber

      bAlternateSetting

      bNumEndpoints

      bInterfaceClass        Wireless

      bInterfaceSubClass       Radio Frequency

      bInterfaceProtocol       Bluetooth

      iInterface

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x03  EP  OUT

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0009  1x  bytes

        bInterval

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x83  EP  IN

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0009  1x  bytes

        bInterval

    Interface Descriptor:

      bLength

      bDescriptorType

      bInterfaceNumber

      bAlternateSetting

      bNumEndpoints

      bInterfaceClass        Wireless

      bInterfaceSubClass       Radio Frequency

      bInterfaceProtocol       Bluetooth

      iInterface

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x03  EP  OUT

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0011  1x  bytes

        bInterval

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x83  EP  IN

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0011  1x  bytes

        bInterval

    Interface Descriptor:

      bLength

      bDescriptorType

      bInterfaceNumber

      bAlternateSetting

      bNumEndpoints

      bInterfaceClass        Wireless

      bInterfaceSubClass       Radio Frequency

      bInterfaceProtocol       Bluetooth

      iInterface

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x03  EP  OUT

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0019  1x  bytes

        bInterval

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x83  EP  IN

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0019  1x  bytes

        bInterval

    Interface Descriptor:

      bLength

      bDescriptorType

      bInterfaceNumber

      bAlternateSetting

      bNumEndpoints

      bInterfaceClass        Wireless

      bInterfaceSubClass       Radio Frequency

      bInterfaceProtocol       Bluetooth

      iInterface

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x03  EP  OUT

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0021  1x  bytes

        bInterval

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x83  EP  IN

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0021  1x  bytes

        bInterval

    Interface Descriptor:

      bLength

      bDescriptorType

      bInterfaceNumber

      bAlternateSetting

      bNumEndpoints

      bInterfaceClass        Wireless

      bInterfaceSubClass       Radio Frequency

      bInterfaceProtocol       Bluetooth

      iInterface

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x03  EP  OUT

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0031  1x  bytes

        bInterval

      Endpoint Descriptor:

        bLength

        bDescriptorType

        bEndpointAddress     0x83  EP  IN

        bmAttributes

          Transfer Type            Isochronous

          Synch Type               None

          Usage Type               Data

        wMaxPacketSize     0x0031  1x  bytes

        bInterval

安装bluez后，会提供两个工具hciconfig和hcitool进行蓝牙相关的配置。

查看当前蓝牙适配器参数配置：

$ sudo hciconfig -a

hci0:    Type: BR/EDR  Bus: USB

    BD Address: :1A:7D:DA::  ACL MTU: :  SCO MTU: :

    UP RUNNING PSCAN

    RX bytes: acl: sco: events: errors:

    TX bytes: acl: sco: commands: errors:

    Features: 0xff 0xff 0x8f 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x5b 0x87

    Packet type: DM1 DM3 DM5 DH1 DH3 DH5 HV1 HV2 HV3

    Link policy: RSWITCH HOLD SNIFF PARK

    Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT

    Name: 'debian-0'

    Class: 0x420100

    Service Classes: Networking, Telephony

    Device Class: Computer, Uncategorized

    HCI Version: 4.0 (0x6)  Revision: 0x22bb

    LMP Version: 4.0 (0x6)  Subversion: 0x22bb

    Manufacturer: Cambridge Silicon Radio ()

蓝牙适配器的mac地址是: 00:1A:7D:DA:71:13,名称是debian-0。

查看蓝牙适配器提供的各种功能：

$ sdptool browse local

Browsing FF:FF:FF::: ...

Service Name: SIM Access Server

Service RecHandle: 0x10000

Service Class ID List:

  "SIM Access" (0x112d)

  "Generic Telephony" (0x1204)

Protocol Descriptor List:

  "L2CAP" (0x0100)

  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)

    Channel:

Profile Descriptor List:

  "SIM Access" (0x112d)

    Version: 0x0101

Service Name: Headset Audio Gateway

Service RecHandle: 0x10001

Service Class ID List:

  "Headset Audio Gateway" (0x1112)

  "Generic Audio" (0x1203)

Protocol Descriptor List:

  "L2CAP" (0x0100)

  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)

    Channel:

Profile Descriptor List:

  "Headset" (0x1108)

    Version: 0x0102

Service Name: Hands-Free Audio Gateway

Service RecHandle: 0x10002

Service Class ID List:

  "Handsfree Audio Gateway" (0x111f)

  "Generic Audio" (0x1203)

Protocol Descriptor List:

  "L2CAP" (0x0100)

  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)

    Channel:

Profile Descriptor List:

  "Handsfree" (0x111e)

    Version: 0x0105

Service Name: AVRCP TG

Service RecHandle: 0x10003

Service Class ID List:

  "AV Remote Target" (0x110c)

Protocol Descriptor List:

  "L2CAP" (0x0100)

    PSM:

  "AVCTP" (0x0017)

    uint16: 0x103

Profile Descriptor List:

  "AV Remote" (0x110e)

    Version: 0x0103

Service Name: AVRCP CT

Service RecHandle: 0x10004

Service Class ID List:

  "AV Remote" (0x110e)

Protocol Descriptor List:

  "L2CAP" (0x0100)

    PSM:

  "AVCTP" (0x0017)

    uint16: 0x103

Profile Descriptor List:

  "AV Remote" (0x110e)

    Version: 0x0100

Service Name: Dial-Up Networking

Service RecHandle: 0x10005

Service Class ID List:

  "Dialup Networking" (0x1103)

  "Generic Networking" (0x1201)

Protocol Descriptor List:

  "L2CAP" (0x0100)

  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)

    Channel:

Profile Descriptor List:

  "Dialup Networking" (0x1103)

    Version: 0x0100

Service Name: OBEX Object Push

Service RecHandle: 0x10006

Service Class ID List:

  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)

Protocol Descriptor List:

  "L2CAP" (0x0100)

  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)

    Channel:

  "OBEX" (0x0008)

Profile Descriptor List:

  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)

    Version: 0x0100

Service Name: OBEX File Transfer

Service RecHandle: 0x10007

Service Class ID List:

  "OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)

Protocol Descriptor List:

  "L2CAP" (0x0100)

  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)

    Channel:

  "OBEX" (0x0008)

Profile Descriptor List:

  "OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)

    Version: 0x0100

扫描蓝牙设备：

$ hcitool scan

Scanning ...

    C4::FE:F6::FF    PC-

    CC::AF:4F::    HR-6F1397D64651

    18:DC:56:D2:1C:1A    Coolpad 8297

使用hcitool获取手机蓝牙信息：

$ hcitool name :DC::D2:1C:1A

Coolpad

$ sudo hcitool info :DC::D2:1C:1A

Requesting information ...

    BD Address:  :DC::D2:1C:1A

    Device Name: Coolpad

    LMP Version: 4.0 (0x6) LMP Subversion: 0x0

    Manufacturer: MediaTek, Inc. ()

    Features page : 0xbf 0x3e 0x8d 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x5b 0x87

        <-slot packets> <-slot packets> <encryption> <slot offset>

        <timing accuracy> <role switch> <sniff mode> <RSSI>

        <channel quality> <SCO link> <HV2 packets> <HV3 packets>

        <CVSD> <power control> <transparent SCO> <broadcast encrypt>

        <EDR ACL  Mbps> <EDR ACL  Mbps> <enhanced iscan>

        <interlaced iscan> <interlaced pscan> <inquiry with RSSI>

        <extended SCO> <EV4 packets> <EV5 packets> <AFH cap. slave>

        <AFH class. slave> <LE support> <-slot EDR ACL>

        <-slot EDR ACL> <sniff subrating> <pause encryption>

        <AFH cap. master> <AFH class. master> <EDR eSCO  Mbps>

        <EDR eSCO  Mbps> <-slot EDR eSCO> <extended inquiry>

        <LE and BR/EDR> <simple pairing> <encapsulated PDU>

        <non-flush flag> <LSTO> <inquiry TX power> <EPC>

        <extended features>

    Features page : 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

    Features page : 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

配置蓝牙适配器使得能被其他设备搜索到:

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 iscan

这时在手机中搜索蓝牙设备可以搜索到"debian-0"，但是使用手机配对时提示“PIN或者配对密钥不正确，无法和debian-0进行配对"。

在执行下面几条命令：

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 pscan

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 noencrypt

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 noauth

然后在手机里可以对"debian-0"配对即可配对成功。

此时可以在pc上执行l2ping命令 ：

host@debian:~$ sudo l2ping  -c  :DC::D2:1C:1A

[sudo] password for host:

Ping: :DC::D2:1C:1A from :1A:7D:DA:: (data size ) ...

 bytes from :DC::D2:1C:1A id  time .00ms

 bytes from :DC::D2:1C:1A id  time .16ms

 bytes from :DC::D2:1C:1A id  time .14ms

 sent,  received, % loss

如果不使用上面的hciconfig命令来进行配置，也可以使用blueman或者gnome-bluetooth来配置蓝牙，安装这些工具：

sudo apt-get install blueman gnome-bluetooth

这两个工具都是图形化界面，使用起来相当方便，只是需要从手机端发起配对请求，然后在pc端和手机端分别进行确认即完成配对。

然后可以在pc端用蓝牙来向手机发送文件。

上面这两种情况下都是在手机端发起配对请求，之后也只是能通过蓝牙发文件。

但我希望能够使用bluez系列工具中提供的命令行工具从pc端发起配对请求，以便于以后将蓝牙适配器用到嵌入式开发板上。

参考《在linux下蓝牙使用rfcomm连接》 、《BluetoothUser》以及《Bluetooth_Mouse》进行操作，但都没成功，

这是因为我使用的bluez版本是4.99,没有bluez5中的bluetoothctl工具，也没有bluez4中的hidd工具，也没有常用的bluez3中的/etc/bluetooth/hcid.conf配置文件,

进行配对时总是会因为pin或者key的问题而导致配对失败，导致网络上大部分教程都不适用于这个版本。

最终我选用了另一种方式，先从手机来对蓝牙设备进行配对，然后将其模式修改成master,再从pc下执行命令就可以了。

首先配置rfcomm,修改/etc/bluetooth/rfcomm.conf（其实我不确定是否需要该配置，只是在参考网络文章时修改了这个配置文件）：

host@debian:~$ cat /etc/bluetooth/rfcomm.conf

#

# RFCOMM configuration file.

#

rfcomm0 {

    # Automatically bind the device at startup

    bind no;

    # Bluetooth address of the device

    device :DC::D2:1C:1A;

    # RFCOMM channel for the connection

    channel    ;

    # Description of the connection

    comment "Example Bluetooth device";

}

重启蓝牙服务：

sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart

可以使用hcidump（类似于tcpdump工具能够打印bluez中每步都执行了什么功能，可以用于调试）：

sudo hcidump -Xt

按照前面的步骤从手机来对蓝牙适配器进行配对，可以配对成功。

查看hci0（类似于网卡的eth0接口）的连接模式(link mode,可以是master或者slave):

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 lm

hci0:    Type: BR/EDR  Bus: USB

    BD Address: :1A:7D:DA::  ACL MTU: :  SCO MTU: :

    Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT

将其连接模式从SLAVE修改为master：

sudo hciconfig hci0 lm master

这时查看连接模式：

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 lm

[sudo] password for host:

hci0:    Type: BR/EDR  Bus: USB

    BD Address: :1A:7D:DA::  ACL MTU: :  SCO MTU: :

    Link mode: MASTER

已经将link mode修改为master模式。

使用rfcomm来连接手机蓝牙设备：

$ sudo rfcomm connect hci0 :DC::D2:1C:1A

Connected /dev/rfcomm0 to :DC::D2:1C:1A on channel

Press CTRL-C for hangup

连接成功，查看连接信息：

$ sudo hcitool  con

Connections:

    < ACL :DC::D2:1C:1A handle  state  lm MASTER AUTH ENCRYPT

可以执行hcitool中的cmd命令，例如下面的命令将当前设备的名称改成"ABCD"：

$ sudo hcitool cmd 0x03 0x0013 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44

< HCI Command: ogf 0x03, ocf 0x0013, plen 

> HCI Event: 0x0e plen

    0C

此时在hcidump对应窗口显示下面的信息：

-- ::22.929405 < HCI Command: Write Local Name (0x03|0x0013) plen

    name 'ABCDBCD'

-- ::22.930381 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen

    Write Local Name (0x03|0x0013) ncmd

    status 0x00

-- ::22.930474 < HCI Command: Read Local Name (0x03|0x0014) plen

-- ::22.947378 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen

    Read Local Name (0x03|0x0014) ncmd

    status 0x00 name 'ABCD'

使用hciconfig工具也可以查看到当前蓝牙适配器名称:

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 name

hci0:    Type: BR/EDR  Bus: USB

    BD Address: :1A:7D:DA::  ACL MTU: :  SCO MTU: :

    Name: 'ABCD'

可以看到蓝牙适配器的名称已经被改成ABCD了。

还有其他很多命令都可以用hcitool hci0 cmd来进行配置，《利用 hcitool 通过hci 命令与芯片交互》中提供了其他的一些命令，感兴趣的话可以自己玩玩看。

也可以下载《蓝牙4.0规范》，从704-1103页有关于蓝牙命令的详细说明。

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