[转]C#操作Excel初探

近期一段时间正好在做winform导出Excel报表的问题，学习了一下C#操作Excel的一些方法（如：向Excel中插入图片；删除Excel指定sheet中的某行或某列，在Excel指定的单元格中画线等）

一、加入引用
    加入com组件（Microsoft Office 11.0 Object Library ）命名空间为Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel
    加入Excel.exe引用默认路径为C:/Program Files/Microsoft Office/OFFICE11/Excel.exe

二、Excel控制类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;

namespace ExcelOperation
{
    public class ExcelControl
    {
        private Excel.Application m_objExcel = null;
        private Excel.Workbooks m_objBooks = null;
        private Excel._Workbook m_objBook = null;
        private Excel.Sheets m_objSheets = null;
        private Excel._Worksheet m_objSheet = null;
        private Excel.Range m_objRange = null;
        private object m_objOpt = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;

/// <summary>
        /// 打开没有模板的操作。
        /// </summary>
        public void Open()
        {
            this.Open(String.Empty);
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 功能：实现Excel应用程序的打开
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="TemplateFilePath">模板文件物理路径</param>
        public void Open(string TemplateFilePath)
        {
            //打开对象
            m_objExcel = new Excel.Application();
            m_objExcel.Visible = false;
            m_objExcel.DisplayAlerts = false;

if (m_objExcel.Version != "11.0")
            {
                MessageBox.Show("您的 Excel 版本号不是 11.0 （Office 2003），操作可能会出现故障。");
                m_objExcel.Quit();
                return;
            }

m_objBooks = (Excel.Workbooks)m_objExcel.Workbooks;
            if (TemplateFilePath.Equals(String.Empty))
            {
                m_objBook = (Excel._Workbook)(m_objBooks.Add(m_objOpt));
            }
            else
            {
                m_objBook = m_objBooks.Open(TemplateFilePath, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt,
                  m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt);
            }
            m_objSheets = (Excel.Sheets)m_objBook.Worksheets;
            m_objSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)(m_objSheets.get_Item(1));
            m_objExcel.WorkbookBeforeClose += new Excel.AppEvents_WorkbookBeforeCloseEventHandler(m_objExcel_WorkbookBeforeClose);
        }

private void m_objExcel_WorkbookBeforeClose(Excel.Workbook m_objBooks, ref bool _Cancel)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("保存完成！");
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 将图片插入到指定的单元格位置。
        /// 注意：图片必须是绝对物理路径
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="RangeName">单元格名称，比如：B4</param>
        /// <param name="PicturePath">要插入图片的绝对路径。</param>
        public void InsertPicture(string RangeName, string PicturePath)
        {
            m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(RangeName, m_objOpt);
            m_objRange.Select();
            Excel.Pictures pics = (Excel.Pictures)m_objSheet.Pictures(m_objOpt);
            pics.Insert(PicturePath, m_objOpt);
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 将图片插入到指定的单元格位置，并设置图片的宽度和高度。
        /// 注意：图片必须是绝对物理路径
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="RangeName">单元格名称，比如：B4</param>
        /// <param name="PicturePath">要插入图片的绝对路径。</param>
        /// <param name="PictuteWidth">插入后，图片在Excel中显示的宽度。</param>
        /// <param name="PictureHeight">插入后，图片在Excel中显示的高度。</param>
        public void InsertPicture(string RangeName, string PicturePath, float PictuteWidth, float PictureHeight)
        {
            m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(RangeName, m_objOpt);
            m_objRange.Select();
            float PicLeft, PicTop;
            PicLeft = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Left);
            PicTop = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Top);
            //參数含义：
            //图片路径
            //是否链接到文件
            //图片插入时是否随文档一起保存
            //图片在文档中的坐标位置（单位：points）
            //图片显示的宽度和高度（单位：points）
            //參数具体信息參见：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/aa221765(office.11).aspx
            m_objSheet.Shapes.AddPicture(PicturePath, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse,
              Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, PicLeft, PicTop, PictuteWidth, PictureHeight);
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 将图片填充到Excel中的某个或某些单元格中
        /// 注意：图片必须是绝对物理路径
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="RangeName">单元格名称，比如：B4</param>
        /// <param name="PicturePath">要插入图片的绝对路径。</param>
        /// <param name="PictuteWidth">插入后，图片在Excel中显示的宽度。</param>
        /// <param name="PictureHeight">插入后，图片在Excel中显示的高度。</param>

/// <summary>
        /// 将图片填充到Excel中的某个或某些单元格中
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="BeginRangeName">插入的開始单元格</param>
        /// <param name="EndRangeName">插入的结束单元格</param>
        /// <param name="PicturePath">插入图片的绝对物理路径</param>
        /// <param name="IsMergeCells">是否合并上面的单元格</param>
        public void InsertPicture(string BeginRangeName,string EndRangeName, string PicturePath,bool IsMergeCells)
        {
            m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(BeginRangeName, EndRangeName);

//计算单元格的宽和高
            float PictuteWidth, PictureHeight;
            PictuteWidth = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Width);
            PictureHeight = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Height);

if (IsMergeCells)
            {
                //合并单元格
                m_objRange.Merge(System.Reflection.Missing.Value);
                m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(BeginRangeName, BeginRangeName);
            }
            m_objRange.Select();
            float PicLeft, PicTop;
            PicLeft = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Left);
            PicTop = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Top);
            //參数含义：
            //图片路径
            //是否链接到文件
            //图片插入时是否随文档一起保存
            //图片在文档中的坐标位置（单位：points）
            //图片显示的宽度和高度（单位：points）
            //參数具体信息參见：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/aa221765(office.11).aspx
            m_objSheet.Shapes.AddPicture(PicturePath, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse,
              Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, PicLeft, PicTop, PictuteWidth, PictureHeight);
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="BeginRangeName"></param>
        /// <param name="EndRangeName"></param>
        /// <param name="IsMergeCells"></param>
        public void InsertLine(string BeginRangeName, string EndRangeName, bool IsMergeCells)
        {
            m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(BeginRangeName, EndRangeName);

//计算单元格的宽和高
            float PictureWidth, PictureHeight;
            PictureWidth = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Width);
            PictureHeight = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Height);

if (IsMergeCells)
            {
                //合并单元格
                m_objRange.Merge(System.Reflection.Missing.Value);
                m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(BeginRangeName, BeginRangeName);
            }
            m_objRange.Select();
            float PicLeft, PicTop;
            PicLeft = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Left);
            PicTop = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Top);
            //參数含义：
            //线的起点(X,Y)
            //线的终点(X,Y)
            m_objSheet.Shapes.AddLine(PicLeft,PicTop,PicLeft + PictureWidth,PicTop +PictureHeight); 
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 将Excel文件保存到指定的文件夹，文件夹必须事先存在，文件名不一定要存在。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="OutputFilePath">要保存成的文件的全路径。</param>
        public void SaveFile(string OutputFilePath)
        {
            m_objBook.SaveAs(OutputFilePath, m_objOpt, m_objOpt,
              m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange,
              m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt);

this.Close();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 关闭应用程序
        /// </summary>
        private void Close()
        {
            m_objBook.Close(false, m_objOpt, m_objOpt);
            m_objExcel.Quit();
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 释放所引用的COM对象。注意：这个过程一定要运行。
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            ReleaseObj(m_objSheets);
            ReleaseObj(m_objBook);
            ReleaseObj(m_objBooks);
            ReleaseObj(m_objExcel);
            System.GC.Collect();
            System.GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 释放对象，内部调用
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="o"></param>
        private void ReleaseObj(object o)
        {
            try
            {
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(o);
            }
            catch { }
            finally { o = null; }
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 删除指定sheet下的指定行
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SheetIndex">sheet索引</param>
        /// <param name="DeleteRowIndex">行索引</param>
        public void DeleteRow(int SheetIndex, int DeleteRowIndex)
        {
            m_objSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)(m_objSheets.get_Item(SheetIndex));
            m_objRange = (Excel.Range)m_objSheet.Rows[DeleteRowIndex, System.Reflection.Missing.Value];
            m_objRange.EntireRow.Delete(Excel.XlDirection.xlToRight);
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 删除指定sheet下的指定列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SheetIndex">sheet索引</param>
        /// <param name="DeleteColumnIndex">列索引</param>
        public void DeleteColumn(int SheetIndex, int DeleteColumnIndex)
        {
            m_objSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)(m_objSheets.get_Item(SheetIndex));
            m_objRange = (Excel.Range)m_objSheet.Columns[DeleteColumnIndex, System.Reflection.Missing.Value];
            m_objRange.EntireColumn.Delete(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown);
        }
    }
}

三、Excel操作方法调用
1.插入图片和线调用
            PictureInExcel ipt = new PictureInExcel();
            ipt.Open();
            //ipt.InsertPicture("B2", @"C:/www.jpg");
            //ipt.InsertPicture("B8", @"C:/www.jpg", 1000, 800);
            ipt.InsertPicture("B2","F8", @"C:/www.jpg",true);
            ipt.InsertLine("B9", "F15", true);
            ipt.InsertPicture("B16", "F22", @"C:/www.jpg", false);
            ipt.InsertLine("B23", "F29", false);
            ipt.SaveFile(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
            ipt.Dispose();

2.删除行方法调用
            PictureInExcel ipt = new PictureInExcel();
            ipt.Open(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
            ipt.DeleteRow(1,1);
            ipt.SaveFile(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
            ipt.Dispose();

3.删除列方法调用
            PictureInExcel ipt = new PictureInExcel();
            ipt.Open(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
            ipt.DeleteColumn(1, 1);
            ipt.SaveFile(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
            ipt.Dispose();

四、參考资料
    孟子E章的 《C#向Excel报表中插入图片的2种方法》等