Runtime.addShutdownHook用法

一、什么是ShutdownHook？

在Java程序中可以通过添加关闭钩子，实现在程序退出时关闭资源、平滑退出的功能。 
使用Runtime.addShutdownHook(Thread hook)方法，可以注册一个JVM关闭的钩子，这个钩子可以在以下几种场景被调用： 
1. 程序正常退出 
2. 使用System.exit() 
3. 终端使用Ctrl+C触发的中断 
4. 系统关闭 
5. 使用Kill pid命令干掉进程

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Runtime.java中相关方法源码

public void addShutdownHook(Thread hook) {
    SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
    if (sm != null) {
        sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("shutdownHooks"));
    }
    ApplicationShutdownHooks.add(hook);
}

public boolean removeShutdownHook(Thread hook) {
    SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
    if (sm != null) {
        sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("shutdownHooks"));
    }
    return ApplicationShutdownHooks.remove(hook);
}

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ApplicationShutdownHooks.java

class ApplicationShutdownHooks {
    /* The set of registered hooks */
    private static IdentityHashMap<Thread, Thread> hooks;
    static {
        try {
            Shutdown.add(1 /* shutdown hook invocation order */,
                false /* not registered if shutdown in progress */,
                new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        runHooks();
                    }
                }
            );
            hooks = new IdentityHashMap<>();
        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
            // application shutdown hooks cannot be added if
            // shutdown is in progress.
            hooks = null;
        }
    }

    private ApplicationShutdownHooks() {}

    /* Add a new shutdown hook.  Checks the shutdown state and the hook itself,
     * but does not do any security checks.
     */
    static synchronized void add(Thread hook) {
        if(hooks == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException("Shutdown in progress");

        if (hook.isAlive())
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Hook already running");

        if (hooks.containsKey(hook))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Hook previously registered");

        hooks.put(hook, hook);
    }

    /* Remove a previously-registered hook.  Like the add method, this method
     * does not do any security checks.
     */
    static synchronized boolean remove(Thread hook) {
        if(hooks == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException("Shutdown in progress");

        if (hook == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();

        return hooks.remove(hook) != null;
    }

    /* Iterates over all application hooks creating a new thread for each
     * to run in. Hooks are run concurrently and this method waits for
     * them to finish.
     */
    static void runHooks() {
        Collection<Thread> threads;
        synchronized(ApplicationShutdownHooks.class) {
            threads = hooks.keySet();
            hooks = null;
        }

        for (Thread hook : threads) {
            hook.start();
        }
        for (Thread hook : threads) {
            try {
                hook.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException x) { }
        }
    }
}

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二、java进程平滑退出的意义

很多时候，我们会有这样的一些场景，比如说nginx反向代理若干个负载均衡的web容器，又或者微服务架构中存在的若干个服务节点，需要进行无间断的升级发布。 
在重启服务的时候，除非我们去变更nginx的配置，否则重启很可能会导致正在执行的线程突然中断，本来应该要完成的事情只完成了一半，并且调用方出现错误警告。 
如果能有一种简单的方式，能够让进程在退出时能执行完当前正在执行的任务，并且让服务的调用方将新的请求定向到其他负载节点，这将会很有意义。 
自己注册ShutdownHook可以帮助我们实现java进程的平滑退出。

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三、java进程平滑退出的思路

1. 在服务启动时注册自己的ShutdownHook
2. ShutdownHook在被运行时，首先不接收新的请求，或者告诉调用方重定向到其他节点
3. 等待当前的执行线程运行完毕，如果五秒后仍在运行，则强制退出