smarty -- foreach用法详解

{foreach},{foreachelse}

用于像访问序数数组一样访问关联数组

{foreach},{foreachelse}

{foreach} is used to loop over an associative array as well a numerically-indexed array, unlike {section} which is for looping over numerically-indexed arrays only. The syntax for {foreach} is much easier than {section}, but as a tradeoff it can only be used for a single array. Every {foreach} tag must be paired with a closing {/foreach} tag.

{foreach} 用于像循环访问一个数字索引数组一样循环访问一个关联数组，与仅能访问数字索引数组的{section}不同，{foreach}的语法比 {section}的语法简单得多，但是作为一个折衷方案也仅能用于单个数组。每个{foreach}标记必须与关闭标记{/foreach}成对出现。

Attribute Name 属性名称	Type 类型	Required 必要	Default 默认值	Description 描述
from	array	Yes必要	n/a	The array you are looping through 循环访问的数组
item	string	Yes必要	n/a	The name of the variable that is the current element 当前元素的变量名
key	string	No可选	n/a	The name of the variable that is the current key 当前键名的变量名
name	string	No可选	n/a	The name of the foreach loop for accessing foreach properties 用于访问foreach属性的foreach循环的名称

• Required attributes are from and item.

• from和item是必要属性

• The name of the {foreach} loop can be anything you like, made up of letters, numbers and underscores, like PHP variables.

• {foreach}循环的name可以是任何字母，数组，下划线的组合，参考PHP变量。

• {foreach} loops can be nested, and the nested {foreach} names must be unique from each other.

• {foreach}循环可以嵌套，嵌套的{foreach}的名称应当互不相同。

• The from attribute, usually an array of values, determines the number of times {foreach} will loop.

• from属性通常是值数组，被用于判断{foreach}的循环次数。

• {foreachelse} is executed when there are no values in the from variable.

• 在from变量中没有值时，将执行{foreachelse}。

• {foreach} loops also have their own variables that handle properties. These are accessed with: {$smarty.foreach.name.property} with "name" being the nameattribute.

• {foreach}循环也有自身属性的变量，可以通过{$smarty.foreach.name.property}访问，其中"name"是name属性。

  Note: The name attribute is only required when you want to access a {foreach} property, unlike {section}. Accessing a {foreach} property withname undefined does not throw an error, but leads to unpredictable results instead.

• 注意：name属性仅在需要访问{foreach}属性时有效，与{section}不同。访问未定义name的{foreach}属性不会抛出一个错误，但将导致不可预知的结果。

• {foreach} properties are index, iteration, first, last, show, total.

• {foreach}属性有index, iteration, first, last, show, total.

Example 7-7. {foreach} with associative item attribute

例 7-7. {foreach}的item属性是关联数组

 <?php
$items_list = array(
    23 => array('no' => 2456, 'label' => 'Salad'),
    96 => array('no' => 4889, 'label' => 'Cream')
);
$smarty->assign('items', $items_list);
?>    

Template to output $items with $myId in the url

模板中，url通过$myId输出$items

<ul>
{foreach from=$items key=myId item=i}
  <li><a href="http://blog.163.com/lgh_2002/blog/item.php?id={$myId}">{$i.no}: {$i.label}</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>

The above example will output:

上例将输出：

<ul>
  <li><a href="http://blog.163.com/lgh_2002/blog/item.php?id=23">2456: Salad</li>
  <li><a href="http://blog.163.com/lgh_2002/blog/item.php?id=96">4889: Cream</li>
</ul>

Example 7-8. {foreach} with nested item and key

例 7-8. {foreach}使用嵌套的item和key

Assign an array to Smarty, the key contains the key for each looped value.

向Smarty设置一个数组，对于每个键名对应的每个循环值都包括键。

 <?php
 $smarty->assign('contacts', array(
                             array('phone' => '1',
                                   'fax' => '2',
                                   'cell' => '3'),
                             array('phone' => '555-4444',
                                   'fax' => '555-3333',
                                   'cell' => '760-1234')
                             ));
?>

The template to output $contact.

用于输出$contact的模板。

<foreach name=outer item=contact from=$contacts}
  <hr />
  {foreach key=key item=item from=$contact}
    {$key}: {$item}<br />
  {/foreach}
{/foreach}

The above example will output:

上例将输出：

<hr />
  phone: 1<br />
  fax: 2<br />
  cell: 3<br />
<hr />
  phone: 555-4444<br />
  fax: 555-3333<br />
  cell: 760-1234<br />

.index

index contains the current array index, starting with zero.

.index包含当前数组索引，从零开始。

 {* 每五行输出一次头部区块 *}
<table>
{foreach from=$items key=myId item=i name=foo}
  {if $smarty.foreach.foo.index % 5 == 0}
     <tr><th>Title</th></tr>
  {/if}
  <tr><td>{$i.label}</td></tr>
{/foreach}
</table>                                                                                                                             

.iteration

iteration contains the current loop iteration and always starts at one, unlike index. It is incremented by one on each iteration.

iteration包含当前循环次数，与index不同，从1开始，每次循环增长1。

 {* 该例将输出0|1, 1|2, 2|3, ... 等等 *}
{foreach from=$myArray item=i name=foo}
{$smarty.foreach.foo.index}|{$smarty.foreach.foo.iteration},
{/foreach}  

.first

first is TRUE if the current {foreach} iteration is the initial one.

first在当前{foreach}循环处于初始位置时值为TRUE。

 {* 对于第一个条目显示LATEST而不是id *}
<table>
{foreach from=$items key=myId item=i name=foo}
<tr>
  <td>{if $smarty.foreach.foo.first}LATEST{else}{$myId}{/if}</td>
  <td>{$i.label}</td>
</tr>
{/foreach}
</table>  

.last

last is set to TRUE if the current {foreach} iteration is the final one.

last在当前{foreach}循环处于最终位置是值为TRUE。

 {* 在列表结束时增加一个水平标记 *})
{foreach from=$items key=part_id item=prod name=products}
  <a href="http://blog.163.com/lgh_2002/blog/#{$part_id}">{$prod}</a>{if $smarty.foreach.products.last}<hr>{else},{/if}
{foreachelse}
  ... content ...
{/foreach}      

.show

show is used as a parameter to {foreach}. show is a boolean value. If FALSE, the {foreach} will not be displayed. If there is a {foreachelse} present, that will be alternately displayed.

show是{foreach}的参数. show是一个布尔值。如果值为FALSE，{foreach}将不被显示。如果有对应的{foreachelse}，将被显示。

.total

total contains the number of iterations that this {foreach} will loop. This can be used inside or after the {foreach}.

total包括{foreach}将循环的次数，既可以在{foreach}中使用，也可以在之后使用。

{* 在结束位置显示行数 *}
{foreach from=$items key=part_id item=prod name=foo}
{$prod.name><hr/>
{if $smarty.foreach.foo.last}
  <div id="total">{$smarty.foreach.foo.total} items</div>
{/if}
{foreachelse}
 ... something else ...
{/foreach}